Which of the Following Is Not a Reason Why the Proportion

Which of the following is not a reason why the proportion of promotional dollars spent on sales promotion has increased in recent years?

A) Retailers have become more powerful compared to manufacturers and are demanding more trade sales promotion efforts.
B) Due to increased focus on value, consumers are more responsive to promotional offers.
C) The greater emphasis on improving long-term performance has resulted in an increased use of sales promotion methods.
D) Sales promotions aimed at convincing customers to change brands are more effective because of decline in brand loyalty in general.
E) Consumers are more responsive to price discounts and point-of-purchase displays.