Question 1

Describe crack and cocaine, including what they are, how they are used, and what adverse effects on health each has. How might you recognize an addict when he or she is not high what behaviors might you observe)?

Accepted Answer

Crack and cocaine are both powerful stimulant drugs that affect the central nervous system.

Cocaine is a white powder that is typically snorted through the nose, although it can also be dissolved in water and injected. It can also be smoked when processed into a rock crystal form known as crack cocaine. Crack is a highly addictive form of cocaine that is smoked, producing a rapid and intense high.

Both crack and cocaine can have serious adverse effects on health. These can include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and potential heart attacks or strokes. Long-term use can lead to addiction, respiratory issues, and mental health problems such as paranoia, anxiety, and hallucinations.

Recognizing an addict when they are not high can be challenging, but there are some behaviors that may indicate a problem. These can include changes in mood or behavior, secretive or dishonest behavior, financial problems, neglect of personal hygiene, and a decline in performance at work or school. Additionally, an addict may exhibit withdrawal symptoms when not using the drug, such as irritability, fatigue, and depression.

It's important to approach the situation with empathy and understanding, and to encourage the individual to seek professional help for their addiction.

Question 2

A 40 year old male is underweight and malnourished. He admits to engaging in chronic alcohol abuse. He is also a tobacco user. He is at high risk for having or developing .

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

A number of studies have confirmed an interaction between alcohol consumption and use, which may lead to liver toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and alcohol both metabolize in the liver. Consuming them together increases the risk of liver damage, including toxicity, because they can both stress the liver, leading to an increased risk of liver damage beyond what might occur if either substance were consumed alone.

Question 4

What is tolerance? As a reliable sign of alcoholism, why does it occur give three reasons)? Also describe the levels of blood-alcohol concentration and the condition an average person is in at these levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is tolerance? As a reliable sign...

Question 5

is one of the most reliable physical signs of alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is one of the most reliable physical...

Question 6

Describe a child born with fetal alcohol syndrome FES). How best can the risk FES be eliminated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a child born with fetal alcohol...

Question 7

A user becomes paranoid, is physically exhausted, appears confused, may have tactile hallucinations, and may become violent. These effects describe psychosis.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine use can lead to psychosis, characterized by paranoia, physical exhaustion, confusion, tactile hallucinations, and potential violence. These symptoms are associated with stimulant abuse, including amphetamines, rather than the depressant or hallucinogenic effects of the other substances listed.

Question 8

The major organ that metabolizes large amounts of alcohol is .

Accepted Answer

The liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body, breaking it down so it can be eliminated.

Question 9

A college student presents with agitation, tremors, euphoria, increased heart rate, hypertension, respiratory problems, sleeplessness, and loss of appetite. Given these physiological and behavioral effects, what substance is this student likely to be abusing?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with the effects of stimulants like methylphenidate, which can cause increased heart rate, hypertension, agitation, and loss of appetite.

Question 10

A man presents with drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and decreased respiration. He cannot feel a pinprick on his arm. Given these physiological effects, what substance is he likely to be abusing?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of drowsiness, constipation, nausea, decreased respiration, and inability to feel a pinprick are characteristic of opioid abuse. Opioids are known to cause these effects, including analgesia (inability to feel pain), respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation.

Question 11

A woman is a chronic alcohol abuser. She has experienced a decrease in intellectual functioning, alterations in memory, impaired judgment, shallowness of affect, loss of recent memory, disorientation for time and place, and confusion. Given these behavioral effects, what condition is this woman likely to have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A woman is a chronic alcohol abuser....

Question 12

Explain the metabolism of alcohol. What are the five basic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the metabolism of alcohol. What are...

Question 13

A 25 year old alcoholic male with cirrhosis is two weeks into a program of abstinence from alcohol and a nutritionally sound diet. Is this man likely to be sexually impotent?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholism and cirrhosis can lead to sexual impotence due to hormonal imbalances and liver damage, which can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and other factors related to sexual function.

Question 14

An infant presents with growth deficiency, characteristic facial dysmorphology, and central nervous system damage. What may be the cause?

Accepted Answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FES) is characterized by growth deficiency, facial dysmorphology, and central nervous system damage, which aligns with the symptoms presented in the infant.

Question 15

An infant presents with decreased arousal and poor quality of movement. What maybe the cause?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant presents with decreased arousal and...

Question 16

A man presents with male-pattern baldness, enlargement of the breasts, excessive hair on his body, and shrinkage of the testicles. Given these physiological effects, what substance is he likely to be abusing?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described, such as male-pattern baldness, enlargement of the breasts (gynecomastia), excessive body hair, and testicular shrinkage, are consistent with anabolic steroid abuse. These substances mimic testosterone in the body, leading to both androgenic (male traits) and anabolic (muscle-building) effects, but can also disrupt the body's natural hormone balance, leading to the observed symptoms.

Question 17

What is amotivational syndrome? With what substance is it associated? What other adverse effects are associated with this substance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is amotivational syndrome? With what substance...

Question 18

An adult of average height and weight is drinking two alcoholic beverages per hour. How much alcohol is the person oxidizing each hour? Is alcohol accumulating in the body?

Accepted Answer

The average adult oxidizes about 10 to 15 grams of alcohol per hour. If consuming two drinks per hour, which typically contain more than this amount, alcohol will accumulate in the body.

Question 19

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is known to be both physiologically and psychologically addictive, causing intense cravings and withdrawal symptoms, which makes statement D correct.

Quiz 4: The Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse