A case in which all four elements of the case (the parties, the circumstances, the legal issues, and the remedies sought) are very similar to those in the case being researched is called:

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A case on "all fours" refers to a situation where all four elements of the case are very similar to those in the case being researched, making it highly relevant for comparison or precedent.

A Case in Which All Four Elements of the Case