Question 1

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual randomly chosen from this population is heterozygous for these two alleles?

Accepted Answer

The chance that an individual is heterozygous for two alleles with frequencies of 0.1 and 0.2 is calculated using the formula 2pq, where p and q are the frequencies of the two alleles. Thus, 2 * 0.1 * 0.2 = 0.04 or 4%.

Question 2

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated by dividing ___________by_________ .

Accepted Answer

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated by dividing the probability that the nonmaternal allele comes from the putative father by the probability that the allele comes from another male in the population. This calculation helps in assessing the likelihood of paternity.

Question 3

First- degree relatives share 50% of their alleles, second- degree relatives share 25% of their alleles, and third- degree relatives share 12.5% of their alleles. Which of the following are third degree relatives?

Accepted Answer

Aunts or uncles are third-degree relatives as they share approximately 12.5% of their alleles with an individual.

Question 4

CODIS markers are chosen that do not occur in coding regions of genes so that they do not disrupt what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of CODIS markers are chosen that do not...

Question 5

For paternity testing to work, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

For paternity testing to be accurate, a child must inherit half of their alleles from their father and the other half from their mother. This genetic principle allows for the comparison of a child's DNA with that of the presumed father to determine a match.

Question 6

Applying the exclusion principle to forensic genetics allows investigators to__________ .
A) exclude any suspects with at least one allele that matches a crime scene
B) include all suspects until guilt is established
C) include all suspects with at least one allele that matches a crime scene
D) exclude any samples not found at the crime scene
E) exclude any suspects whose DNA does not contain an allele that was detected at the crime scene

Accepted Answer

The answer of Applying the exclusion principle to forensic genetics...

Question 7

Genetic markers used for forensic analysis are usually__________ .

Accepted Answer

Genetic markers used in forensic analysis are typically codominant, allowing for the separate detection of each allele. This feature is crucial for accurately identifying individuals based on their unique genetic makeup.

Question 8

Genealogical analysis considers all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

Genealogical analysis typically does not consider the date of birth, as it focuses more on genetic relationships and ancestry rather than specific birth dates.

Question 9

CODIS markers occur at no greater than 20% for any one allele so each marker has at least 5 alleles in a population, these features help ensure high levels of what?

Accepted Answer

The low frequency of any one allele (no greater than 20%) and the requirement for at least 5 alleles per marker in CODIS ensure high levels of heterozygosity, which is crucial for distinguishing between individuals in forensic DNA analysis.

Question 10

A putative father in paternity case is heterozygous for alleles 20 and 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 20 is 0.1 and the frequency of allele 23 is 0.2. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case?
A) 0.2 / 0.2 = 1
B) 0.5 / 0.2 = 2.5
C) 1 / 0.2 = 5
D) 0.2 / 0.1 = 2
E) 0.2 * 0.1 = 0.02

Accepted Answer

The answer of A putative father in paternity case is...

Question 11

Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for a father with each of the following PIs: FGA₁₀ = 1.25; D3S1358₁₆= 3.0; TPOX₃₃ = 4.4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for...

Question 12

CODIS markers are analyzed ___________ .

Accepted Answer

CODIS markers are analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, which allows for high-resolution separation and detection of DNA fragments, making it a preferred method for forensic DNA analysis.

Question 13

What is the statistical principle underlying genetic health risk assessment is called?

Accepted Answer

The statistical principle underlying genetic health risk assessment is called association. Association refers to the relationship between two or more variables, and in the context of genetic health risk assessment, it refers to the relationship between genetic variants and the risk of developing a particular disease.

Question 14

A putative father in paternity case is homozygous for allele 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 23 is 0.1. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case?

Accepted Answer

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated as the probability of the child inheriting the allele from the putative father divided by the probability of the child inheriting the allele from a random man in the population. Since the putative father is homozygous for allele 23, the probability of him passing this allele to the child is 1. The frequency of allele 23 in the population is 0.1, so the probability of a random man passing this allele is 0.1. Therefore, the PI is 1 / 0.1 = 10.

Question 15

Genetic health risk assessment data can be used to report all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

Genetic health risk assessment data is used to analyze genetic predispositions and the presence of disease-associated alleles in individuals, but it does not provide information on environmental factors or behaviors such as an individual's exposure to tobacco.

Question 16

Siblings are expected to share _________% of their alleles with their nieces or nephews.

Accepted Answer

Siblings share about 50% of their alleles with each other, and a child inherits about 50% of their alleles from each parent. Therefore, a niece or nephew (the child of one's sibling) would share about 25% of their alleles with their aunt or uncle, as they inherit about half of their alleles from the sibling in common.

Question 17

Which of the following could not be used for paternity testing?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother and does not provide information about the paternal lineage, making it unsuitable for paternity testing.

Question 18

To help the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Grandmothers of May Square) Mary- Claire King analyzed__________to identify illegally adopted children?
A) mitochondrial DNA
B) DNA from hair
C) DNA from the Y- chromosome
D) CODIS markers
E) paternity testing

Accepted Answer

The answer of To help the Abuelas de Plaza de...

Question 19

Applying the exclusion principle to paternity testing allows investigators to __________.

Accepted Answer

The exclusion principle in paternity testing means that if a man's genetic markers do not match the child's (specifically the alleles that the child inherited from the biological father), he can be excluded as the child's biological father. Therefore, any father with at least one allele that does not match the child's non-maternal allele can be excluded.

Question 20

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual in this population is homozygous for the allele with the frequency of 0.1?

Accepted Answer

The chance that an individual is homozygous for the allele with a frequency of 0.1 is calculated by squaring the frequency of that allele (0.1 * 0.1 = 0.01 or 1%).

Quiz 21: Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual randomly chosen from this population is heterozygous for these two alleles?

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated by dividing ___by_ .

First- degree relatives share 50% of their alleles, second- degree relatives share 25% of their alleles, and third- degree relatives share 12.5% of their alleles. Which of the following are third degree relatives?

CODIS markers are chosen that do not occur in coding regions of genes so that they do not disrupt what?

For paternity testing to work, which of the following must be true?

Genetic markers used for forensic analysis are usually__________ .

Genealogical analysis considers all of the following except?

CODIS markers occur at no greater than 20% for any one allele so each marker has at least 5 alleles in a population, these features help ensure high levels of what?

Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for a father with each of the following PIs: FGA₁₀ = 1.25; D3S1358₁₆= 3.0; TPOX₃₃ = 4.4

CODIS markers are analyzed ___________ .

What is the statistical principle underlying genetic health risk assessment is called?

A putative father in paternity case is homozygous for allele 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 23 is 0.1. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case?

Genetic health risk assessment data can be used to report all of the following except?

Siblings are expected to share _________% of their alleles with their nieces or nephews.

Which of the following could not be used for paternity testing?

To help the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Grandmothers of May Square) Mary- Claire King analyzed__________to identify illegally adopted children? A) mitochondrial DNA B) DNA from hair C) DNA from the Y- chromosome D) CODIS markers E) paternity testing

Applying the exclusion principle to paternity testing allows investigators to __________.

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual in this population is homozygous for the allele with the frequency of 0.1?

Quiz 21: Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual randomly chosen from this population is heterozygous for these two alleles?

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated by dividing ___________by_________ .

First- degree relatives share 50% of their alleles, second- degree relatives share 25% of their alleles, and third- degree relatives share 12.5% of their alleles. Which of the following are third degree relatives?

CODIS markers are chosen that do not occur in coding regions of genes so that they do not disrupt what?

For paternity testing to work, which of the following must be true?

Genetic markers used for forensic analysis are usually__________ .

Genealogical analysis considers all of the following except?

CODIS markers occur at no greater than 20% for any one allele so each marker has at least 5 alleles in a population, these features help ensure high levels of what?

Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for a father with each of the following PIs: FGA10 = 1.25; D3S135816 = 3.0; TPOX33 = 4.4

CODIS markers are analyzed ___________ .

What is the statistical principle underlying genetic health risk assessment is called?

A putative father in paternity case is homozygous for allele 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 23 is 0.1. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case?

Genetic health risk assessment data can be used to report all of the following except?

Siblings are expected to share _________% of their alleles with their nieces or nephews.

Which of the following could not be used for paternity testing?

To help the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Grandmothers of May Square) Mary- Claire King analyzed__________to identify illegally adopted children? A) mitochondrial DNA B) DNA from hair C) DNA from the Y- chromosome D) CODIS markers E) paternity testing

Applying the exclusion principle to paternity testing allows investigators to __________.

If the frequencies of two alleles in a population are 0.1 and 0.2, what is the chance that an individual in this population is homozygous for the allele with the frequency of 0.1?

The Paternity Index (PI) is calculated by dividing ___by_ .

Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for a father with each of the following PIs: FGA₁₀ = 1.25; D3S1358₁₆= 3.0; TPOX₃₃ = 4.4