Which of the Following Is NOT an Open-Systems Model Approach

Which of the following is NOT an open-systems model approach to gender issues within the church?

A) Religious elites feel social pressure to conform to the norms of equality for women as secular society becomes more egalitarian; they want the church to be seen as a legitimate organization.
B) In countries without separation of church and state, laws have banned restrictions on ordination of women.
C) Certain groups of denominations stick together on theological issues and church policies, and they often pressure one another into following the policies of their alliance of denominations.Thus even if a denomination wanted to ordain women, they more than likely would not if the alliance disapproved.
D) Denominational leaders are obligated to obey historic church policy and therefore ignore external ideas and sentiments in the larger society..