Niebuhr Identified Four Elements That He Believed Contributed to the Break-Off

Niebuhr identified four elements that he believed contributed to the break-off of sects from denominations.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) Some sects are expressions of ethnic values and national loyalties, with ethnicity separating Christians into different groups.
B) Some sects are expressions of a desire for religious groups that are smaller, more informal, and less under the control of a professional clergy and bureaucratic organization.
C) Sectarian movements may be spawned by a desire for more spontaneity and more emotional expression in worship, with less routinization and less intellectualizing.
D) Sectarian movements are usually internal arguments among religious people over theological matters and interpretations of doctrine.
E) Some sects arise in response to socioeconomic inequality, with churches and denominations serving the self-interests of the affluent, and sects responding to the needs and concerns of the poor.