In a VECM, a. past values of $Y _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }$ help to predict future values of $\Delta Y _ { t }$ and/or $\Delta X _ { t }$.
b. errors are corrected for serial correlation using the Cochrane-Orcutt method.
c. current values of $Y _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }$ help to predict future values of $\Delta Y _ { t }$ and/or $\Delta X _ { t }$.
d. VAR techniques, such as information criteria, no longer apply.

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The Answer of In a VECM, a. past values of $Y _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }$ help to predict future values of $\Delta Y _ { t }$ and/or $\Delta X _ { t }$.
b. errors are corrected for serial correlation using the Cochrane-Orcutt method.
c. current values of $Y _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }$ help to predict future values of $\Delta Y _ { t }$ and/or $\Delta X _ { t }$.
d. VAR techniques, such as information criteria, no longer apply.

In a VECM, A Yt−θXtY _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }Yt​−θXt​

In a VECM, A $Y _ { t } - \theta X _ { t }$