Question 1

The chemicals that are released at an axon terminal and can either excite or inhibit other neurons are called

Accepted Answer

Chemicals that are released at an axon terminal and can either excite or inhibit other neurons are called neurotransmitters. Synapses are the junctions between two neurons, synaptic vesicles are the sacs that hold neurotransmitters, and neurilemmas are the outer layers of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 2

Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are found in large numbers

Accepted Answer

Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are primarily found on dendrites and cell bodies. While some may be found on axon terminals, the majority are located on the receiving end of the synapse, where they can bind with neurotransmitters and trigger an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron.

Question 3

Nerve cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters.Receptor sites can also be found on

Accepted Answer

Muscles and glands also have receptor sites for neurotransmitters. When these receptor sites are activated by neurotransmitters, they can influence muscle contractions or glandular secretions.

Question 4

An excess of dopamine has been linked with the development of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An excess of dopamine has been linked with the development of schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Question 5

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, the tiny sacs that store the neurotransmitters move to the surface and release these chemicals.These tiny sacs that store the neurotransmitters are called

Accepted Answer

The tiny sacs that store the neurotransmitters are called synaptic vesicles.

Question 6

How many different transmitter chemicals are found in the brain?

Accepted Answer

There are actually over 100 different neurotransmitter chemicals found in the brain, each with unique functions and roles in communication between neurons. However, not all of them have been fully characterized yet.

Question 7

Communication is carried out between neurons when neurotransmitters are released into the

Accepted Answer

Communication between neurons occurs at the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and diffuse across the synaptic gap to bind to receptors on the dendrites of the neighboring neuron. This triggers a series of events that allow the two neurons to communicate and transmit information.

Question 8

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that participates in motivation, reward, and the planning of behavior with a deficiency leading to Parkinson's disease and an excess leading to schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

The description matches dopamine, as it is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in motivation, reward, and planning of behavior. A deficiency of dopamine leads to Parkinson's disease, and an excess leads to schizophrenia. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction and cognitive function, serotonin is involved in mood regulation and appetite, and glutamate is involved in learning and memory.

Question 9

Gerald has developed Parkinson's disease due to a deficiency in a neurotransmitter, while Al developed schizophrenia due to an excess of this same neurotransmitter.The excitatory neurotransmitter that appears responsible for both of these conditions is

Accepted Answer

This question describes the opposite effects of dopamine in two different neurological conditions, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Parkinson's occurs due to a deficiency in dopamine, while schizophrenia occurs due to excess dopamine. Therefore, dopamine is the excitatory neurotransmitter responsible for both conditions. The other options, glutamate, acetylcholine, and serotonin, are not the primary neurotransmitters implicated in either of these conditions.

Question 10

What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters can have different effects on the next neuron depending on the type of receptor they bind to. Some neurotransmitters can excite the next neuron (such as glutamate), while others can inhibit it (such as GABA). Therefore, the correct answer is that neurotransmitters from one neuron may excite or inhibit the next neuron.

Question 11

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that participates in movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory with a deficiency in this neurotransmitter playing a role in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory. A deficiency in acetylcholine has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Norepinephrine plays a role in the body's "fight or flight" response, serotonin is involved in mood regulation, and glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain but does not have specific links to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 12

Neurotransmitters are released at the

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminals. They are packaged into vesicles and released into the synapse to communicate with the next neuron or effector cell.

Question 13

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA are examples of

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA are all examples of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons. The other options are not correct. A negative after-potential is a temporary hyperpolarization that occurs after an action potential; synaptic ions are ions that are involved in the transmission of signals across synapses; and a neurilemma is a sheath of Schwann cells that surrounds and supports peripheral nerve fibers.

Question 14

Motivation, reward, and the planning of behavior are influenced by this neurotransmitter with reduced feelings of pleasure as well as Parkinson's disease being linked with a deficiency of it.This excitatory neurotransmitter is

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the question are associated with the neurotransmitter dopamine. This neurotransmitter is involved in motivation, reward, and behavior planning. Low levels of dopamine have been linked with reduced feelings of pleasure and Parkinson's disease.

Question 15

A deficiency in acetylcholine has been shown to play a major role in the development of

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in acetylcholine has been strongly linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, there is a significant loss of acetylcholine-producing neurons in the brain, which affects memory and cognitive function.

Question 16

Neurotransmitters bind to which of the following located on dendrites and cell bodies?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites on dendrites and cell bodies, which triggers a response in the neuron. Synaptic vesicles are located in the axon terminals and contain neurotransmitters. Neurilemmas are specialized cells that cover axons in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin sheaths also cover axons but are formed by glial cells and serve to insulate the axon, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 17

Tiny areas on the surfaces of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones are called

Accepted Answer

The tiny areas on the surfaces of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones are called receptor sites.

Question 18

A deficiency in dopamine has been linked with the development of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Therefore, a deficiency in dopamine has been linked with the development of Parkinson's disease.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the means by which neurons communicate with each other?

Accepted Answer

Neurons communicate with each other through the release of neurotransmitters, which cross the synapse and attach to receptor sites on the receiving neuron. This triggers a response in the receiving neuron, which can then have an impact on the behavior or functioning of the individual. Choice A and B describe the movement of ions across neurons, which is part of the electrical signaling process within a single neuron but not how they communicate with each other. Choice D is incorrect because electrical charges do not cross the synapse but rather remain within the neuron itself.

Question 20

The microscopic space separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The synapse is the small gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received to transmit information.

Quiz 2: Brain and Behavior.