Question 1

Define Carl Rogers' personality structures of the self and self-image; describe what is meant by a fully functioning person and contrast this with a person who is incongruent, including the two ways that incongruence can occur; and explain how children develop conditions of worth, how these internalized conditions of worth contribute to incongruence, and why unconditional positive regard is so important.

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Question 2

Describe and provide an example of each of the three concepts of Julian Rotter's social learning theory.

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Question 3

Choose one of the following neo-Freudian theorists: Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, or Carl Jung, and describe the main concepts of that person's theory and how these ideas differed from Freud's.

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Question 4

Suppose you are a carefree "party animal" who would like to study more or a "bookworm" that would like to socialize more.Explain how stable these personality traits are and then, using the narrative approach, describe how you could make changes to your "type" and either study more or socialize more.

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Question 5

Describe the concept of temperament and how it impacts the infant's interaction with his or her parents; identify when the personality starts to stabilize and when it is considered "hardened"; and list the changes that occur in people's personalities as they mature in age.

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Question 6

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

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Question 7

In the Minnesota study on reunited twins, many of the twins had similarities in political beliefs, job histories, hobbies, and favorite foods.Explain whether heredity or environment account for these similarities.

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Question 8

Use the complete list of characteristics of self-actualizers to evaluate yourself, and explain what may be helping or hindering your self-actualization and what you can do to promote your journey toward self-actualization.

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Question 9

Compare Allport's classification of traits to that of Raymond Cattell's trait theory, including a description of the types of traits and the procedure each used in developing his classification.

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Question 10

Describe the trait theory of Eysenck and how it is related to the four basic types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.

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Question 11

Describe Dollard and Miller's concept of habits and the four elements of learning that govern these habits.

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Question 12

Describe the three elements of shyness and how these elements affect a person's social skills, and differentiate between private and public self-consciousness and indicate which is linked to shyness and its effects on the person's behavior.

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Question 13

Describe your personality using the five dimensions of the Big Five Personality Model.

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Question 14

Describe the concept of gender roles; and explain how identification and imitation contribute to learning to be "male" or "female" and why girls are less likely than boys to imitate directly aggressive behavior.

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Question 15

Explain the differences in personality questionnaires and projective techniques, provide examples of each, and then discuss the advantages and limitations of each type of assessment tool.

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Question 16

Describe three ways that a person can reduce his or her shyness.

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Question 17

Describe what is meant by the dark triad, including three behaviors most likely exhibited by a person with this type of personality; and explain why the traits in the dark triad are considered subclinical traits.

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Quiz 12: Personality.