The Primary Care Provider Is Assessing a 45-Year-Old Postmenopausal Woman

The primary care provider is assessing a 45-year-old postmenopausal woman who has a family history of osteoporosis. Which test will be most useful to screen for this disease in this patient?

A) Biochemical markers of bone resorption and bone formation
B) Bone densitometry of the hip and posteroanterior lumbar spine
C) Plain radiographs of the hips and lumbar and thoracic spine
D) Serum calcium and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D