A Spurious Correlation Refers to a Situation Where

A spurious correlation refers to a situation where:

A) two variables are related through their correlation with a third variable.
B) the correlation coefficient between two variables cannot be estimated.
C) there is direct causal relationship between two variables but tests for correlations reject this relationship.
D) the correlation between two variables is positive till the sample size reaches a threshold, and negative after the sample size crosses the threshold.