The three-fifths clause in the U.S. Constitution:

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The three-fifths clause, found in Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of determining a state's population and therefore representation in the House of Representatives. This gave the white South greater power in national affairs than the size of its free population warranted, as it boosted the South's representation in Congress despite the fact that many slaves were treated as property and denied basic human rights.

The Three-Fifths Clause in the U.S. Constitution