Question 1

Our genetic information is contained in DNA, which is carried by the __________, which in turn make up the __________.

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA that are organized into structures called chromosomes.

Question 2

In humans, it is the male who determines the sex of the child, because he donates:

Accepted Answer

The male can donate either an X or a Y chromosome through his sperm, while the female always donates an X chromosome through her egg. If the sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes the egg, the resulting child is female (XX). If the sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes the egg, the resulting child is male (XY).

Question 3

The __________ is all of the hereditary material needed to maintain a living organism.

Accepted Answer

The genome is the complete set of hereditary material, including all of an organism's genes and non-coding sequences, necessary to maintain life.

Question 4

In mammals, a(an) __________ combination of chromosomes makes up a female.

Accepted Answer

In mammals, females typically have two X chromosomes, denoted as XX.

Question 5

If the genome is completely known for an organism:

Accepted Answer

Even if the genome of an organism is known, there are many factors that can influence its development, such as environmental factors, epigenetic modifications, and interactions between genes. Therefore, it is not possible to recreate the organism solely based on its genome.

Question 6

__________ are structures in the cell nucleus that contain DNA and proteins.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes contain long strands of DNA and proteins, including histones, that help package and organize the DNA. Genes are segments of DNA within chromosomes that code for specific traits. Alleles are different versions of the same gene. Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes.

Question 7

Once the sperm and ovum unite, the resulting cell is initially called the:

Accepted Answer

The initial cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an ovum is called a zygote.

Question 8

Xing was born with black hair and beautiful dark eyes. These characteristics are known as Xing's:

Accepted Answer

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics of an organism, such as hair and eye color.

Question 9

When Seung heard about cloning, he was very excited. Now he wouldn't need a wife to have a child and the baby would look just like him! All he would need was the nucleus from his cells and a woman willing to serve as a surrogate. What should Seung know about development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Seung heard about cloning, he was...

Question 10

Human cells contain _________ pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. Each pair consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

Question 11

The amount of DNA humans have in common with chimpanzees is approximately:

Accepted Answer

Humans share approximately 98 to 99% of their DNA with chimpanzees. This similarity is due to our shared evolutionary history and close genetic relationship with these primates. While there are some differences in specific genes and genetic sequences between humans and chimpanzees, the overall similarity in our DNA provides strong evidence of our evolutionary connections.

Question 12

Human sex cells contain __________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Human sex cells, also known as gametes (sperm and egg cells), contain 23 chromosomes, which is half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.

Question 13

Genes are composed of:

Accepted Answer

Genes are specific segments of DNA that code for proteins or functional RNA molecules.

Question 14

The amount of DNA shared by human beings is approximately:

Accepted Answer

Humans share approximately 99% of their DNA. This means that almost all of our genetic material is identical, with only small differences accounting for variations in physical appearance, susceptibility to certain diseases, and other traits.

Question 15

Human cells contain __________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Human cells contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Question 16

The __________ refers to a person's genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to an individual's complete set of genes inherited from their parents. It determines an individual's physical characteristics, such as hair color and eye color. The other answer choices are not correct as gametotype is not a commonly recognized term, phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genotype, and chromosome refers to a structure in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic material.

Question 17

What is the significance of the double helix?

Accepted Answer

The double helix is the structure of DNA, which unwinds during replication to allow for the duplication of genetic material.

Question 18

The __________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A person's physical characteristics are determined by their phenotype, which is the expression of their genotype (the set of inherited genes) in response to environmental factors. Chromosomes contain DNA, which carries the genetic information that determines a person's genotype. Gametotype is not a commonly used term, and refers to the set of genes that are passed on to offspring through gametes (sperm and eggs).

Question 19

Aaban has both an X and Y chromosome, which makes the child a:

Accepted Answer

Aaban having both an X and Y chromosome indicates that they are biologically male as the Y chromosome is what determines the development of male sex organs.

Question 20

When an egg and sperm unite, fertilization is complete and a __________ has been formed.

Accepted Answer

A zygote is the initial cell formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, marking the completion of fertilization.

Quiz 3: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Our genetic information is contained in DNA, which is carried by the , which in turn make up the .