Question 1

If a patient has severe CLDI, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

Accepted Answer

Cor pulmonale, which is right ventricular enlargement and potentially failure due to pulmonary hypertension, can be identified in patients with severe Chronic Lung Disease (CLD), including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is a common cardiac complication of severe lung disease.

Question 2

Which of the following is the major anatomic pathology associated with CLDI?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar hypoplasia is the major anatomic pathology associated with Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), characterized by underdeveloped alveoli.

Question 3

Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of mild CLDI in an infant less than 32 weeks includes:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

An infant with severe CLDI has developed cor pulmonale. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used to promote pulmonary vasodilation, especially in cases of pulmonary hypertension or conditions like cor pulmonale, by directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle.

Question 5

What is the most common chronic lung disease of premature infants?

Accepted Answer

The most common chronic lung disease of premature infants is Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), also known as Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). This condition primarily affects infants who have been born prematurely, requiring oxygen and mechanical ventilation due to underdeveloped lungs.

Question 6

What is the most significant treatment of the neonate for the prevention of CLDI?

Accepted Answer

Exogenous surfactant is the most significant treatment for the prevention of Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), as it helps improve lung function and reduce the severity and incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, which can lead to CLDI.

Question 7

Which of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of CLDI?
1) High peak inspiratory pressure
2) Overdistention of the lungs
3) Tidal volumes <5 mL/kg
4) High mean airway pressure

Accepted Answer

1) High peak inspiratory pressure, 2) Overdistention of the lungs, and 4) High mean airway pressure have been linked to the development of Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), as they can cause lung injury.

Question 8

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is crucial for the maintenance and repair of epithelial tissues, including those in the tracheobronchial tree. It helps maintain the integrity and function of mucous membranes and epithelial surfaces, thereby playing a key role in respiratory health.

Question 9

What is the single most important causative factor associated with the development of chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI)?

Accepted Answer

Prematurity is the single most important factor associated with the development of chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI), as the lungs of premature infants are often not fully developed, making them more susceptible to damage and chronic respiratory conditions.

Question 10

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing CLDI?

Accepted Answer

Postnatal bacterial sepsis can increase an infant's likelihood of developing Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI) due to inflammation and potential lung damage.

Question 11

A patient with classic stage II CLDI will have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

Accepted Answer

Patchy opaque areas of atelectasis next to areas of dark translucency are characteristic of classic stage II CLDI on chest radiograph.

Question 12

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with CLDI?
1) Hyperresonant lungs
2) Wheezes and crackles
3) Nasal flaring
4) Intercostal retractions

Accepted Answer

Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), also known as Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), can present with wheezes and crackles due to airway inflammation and fibrosis, nasal flaring as a sign of respiratory distress, and intercostal retractions as an indication of increased work of breathing. Hyperresonant lungs are more characteristic of conditions like pneumothorax rather than CLDI.

Question 13

Which of the following is consistent with stage II of CLDI?
1) Occurs 4 to 10 days after birth.
2) Occurs 11 to 30 days after birth.
3) Extensive atelectasis.
4) Alternating areas of atelectasis and emphysema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is consistent with...

Question 14

What changes result when stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes develop during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes during mechanical ventilation can lead to increased permeability of the capillaries, resulting in fluid leakage into the alveolar spaces, a condition contributing to pulmonary edema.

Question 15

A neonate is reported to have classic stage IV CLDI with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test finding(s) would confirm this?
1) Increased RV/TLC ratio
2) Increased FRC
3) Decreased VC
4) Increased RV

Accepted Answer

Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI), particularly at stage IV with emphysematous changes, is characterized by air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs. This leads to an increased residual volume (RV) as more air is trapped in the lungs after expiration, an increased RV/TLC (residual volume/total lung capacity) ratio indicating a higher proportion of the lung is filled with air that cannot be exhaled, and an increased functional residual capacity (FRC), which is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration. These changes reflect the obstructive nature of the disease, where airway narrowing or obstruction leads to difficulty in expelling air, resulting in increased volumes of air remaining in the lungs.

Question 16

What agent can be administered postnatally to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of CLDI?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids are administered postnatally to preterm infants to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy (CLDI).

Quiz 40: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy

If a patient has severe CLDI, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

Which of the following is the major anatomic pathology associated with CLDI?

Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of mild CLDI in an infant less than 32 weeks includes:

An infant with severe CLDI has developed cor pulmonale. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

What is the most common chronic lung disease of premature infants?

What is the most significant treatment of the neonate for the prevention of CLDI?

Which of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of CLDI? 1) High peak inspiratory pressure 2) Overdistention of the lungs 3) Tidal volumes <5 mL/kg 4) High mean airway pressure

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

What is the single most important causative factor associated with the development of chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI) ?

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing CLDI?

A patient with classic stage II CLDI will have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with CLDI? 1) Hyperresonant lungs 2) Wheezes and crackles 3) Nasal flaring 4) Intercostal retractions

Which of the following is consistent with stage II of CLDI? 1) Occurs 4 to 10 days after birth. 2) Occurs 11 to 30 days after birth. 3) Extensive atelectasis. 4) Alternating areas of atelectasis and emphysema.

What changes result when stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes develop during mechanical ventilation?

A neonate is reported to have classic stage IV CLDI with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test finding(s) would confirm this? 1) Increased RV/TLC ratio 2) Increased FRC 3) Decreased VC 4) Increased RV

What agent can be administered postnatally to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of CLDI?