Question 1

Which of the following are considered noncardiogenic causes of increased capillary permeability?
1) Therapeutic lung radiation
2) Cigarette smoke
3) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
4) Inhaled phosgene

Accepted Answer

1, 3, 4. Therapeutic lung radiation, ARDS, and inhaled phosgene can all lead to increased capillary permeability through mechanisms not directly related to heart function, thus being noncardiogenic causes.

Question 2

The respiratory therapist is asked to evaluate a patient with suspected congestive heart failure. Which of the following laboratory tests should the respiratory therapist recommend to evaluate the patient for possible congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone produced by your heart. Elevated levels of BNP are a marker for heart failure, making it a key test for diagnosing and assessing the severity of congestive heart failure.

Question 3

Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema includes giving a patient which of the following types of medications?
1) Reduction of systemic vascular resistance
2) Positive inotropic medication
3) Preload reducing medication
4) Positive chronotropic medication

Accepted Answer

Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema often involves reducing systemic vascular resistance and preload to decrease the workload on the heart, and using positive inotropic medications to improve heart muscle contraction. Positive chronotropic medications, which increase heart rate, are not typically used in this context as they can increase the heart's oxygen demand.

Question 4

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema would be expected to have which of the following chest radiograph findings?
1) Depressed diaphragms
2) Pleural effusion
3) Cardiomegaly
4) Bilateral "butterfly" pattern fluffy infiltrates

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically presents with pleural effusion, cardiomegaly, and bilateral "butterfly" pattern fluffy infiltrates on chest radiograph. These findings are indicative of fluid accumulation due to heart failure.

Question 5

Mask CPAP is used with pulmonary edema patients because it:
1) decrease vascular congestion.
2) reduce work of breathing.
3) it is less expensive than mechanical ventilation.
4) improves lung compliance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mask CPAP is used with pulmonary edema...

Question 6

Lymphatic insufficiency could be caused by:
1) lung transplantation.
2) lymphangitic carcinomatosis.
3) removal of pleural fluid.
4) decreased oncotic pressure.

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic insufficiency can be caused by lung transplantation due to potential damage or disruption to lymphatic vessels. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis involves cancer spreading through lymphatic vessels, leading to their obstruction or dysfunction.

Question 7

A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be recommended by the respiratory therapist?

Accepted Answer

Supplemental oxygen should be provided to improve oxygenation and alleviate cyanosis in a patient with pulmonary edema.

Question 8

What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

The normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is typically around 10 to 15 mm Hg, which facilitates the exchange of gases without causing fluid leakage into the alveoli.

Question 9

Pulmonary edema produces:

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which primarily leads to a restrictive pulmonary disorder because it restricts the expansion of the lungs and decreases lung volume.

Question 10

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema has had intravascular catheters placed for monitoring purposes. Which of the following values would be expected?
1) Decreased SV
2) Increased PCWP
3) Increased CVP
4) Decreased RAP

Accepted Answer

In cardiogenic pulmonary edema, there is typically a decrease in stroke volume (SV) due to impaired cardiac function. This leads to an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and central venous pressure (CVP) as the heart struggles to pump effectively, causing fluid to back up into the lungs and the venous system. Right atrial pressure (RAP) is essentially another term for CVP, so it would not be decreased; hence, option 4 is not consistent with cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Question 11

Which of the following may be causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
1) Pulmonary embolism
2) Dysrhythmias
3) Systemic hypertension
4) Excessive fluid administration

Accepted Answer

Dysrhythmias, systemic hypertension, and excessive fluid administration can lead to increased cardiac workload or impaired cardiac function, causing cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Question 12

Which of the following are risk factors for coronary heart disease?
1) Elevated homocysteine level
2) Elevated vitamin E level
3) Hypertension
4) Diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

Elevated homocysteine levels, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are recognized risk factors for coronary heart disease. Elevated vitamin E levels are not typically associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 13

A patient has noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. What chest radiograph findings would be expected?
1) "Bat's wings" pattern fluffy infiltrates
2) Normal cardiac silhouette
3) Fluffy densities near the hilum
4) Pleural effusion

Accepted Answer

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema typically shows a normal cardiac silhouette and fluffy densities near the hilum on chest radiograph.

Question 14

The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include:
1) atelectasis.
2) bronchospasm.
3) high surface tension of alveolar fluids.
4) alveolar flooding.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema is characterized by alveolar flooding due to the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, high surface tension of alveolar fluids which impairs gas exchange, and atelectasis, which is the collapse of part or all of a lung. Bronchospasm is not a primary feature of pulmonary edema but rather of conditions like asthma.

Question 15

As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves...

Question 16

Which of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
1) Myocardial infarction
2) Mitral valve disease
3) Allergic reaction to drugs
4) Congenital heart defects

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by conditions that affect the heart's function, such as myocardial infarction, mitral valve disease, and congenital heart defects. These conditions can lead to increased pressure in the heart, which in turn causes fluid to back up into the lungs. An allergic reaction to drugs is not a direct cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, as it does not primarily affect the heart's ability to pump blood.

Question 17

A patient has a decreased oncotic pressure. What can be done to increase it?

Accepted Answer

Administering albumin can increase oncotic pressure because albumin is a protein that contributes significantly to the plasma oncotic pressure, helping to draw fluid into the bloodstream from the surrounding tissues.

Question 18

The respiratory therapist is asked to recommend a medication to reduce afterload for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The therapist could recommend:

Accepted Answer

Captopril is an ACE inhibitor that can reduce afterload by causing vasodilation, which can help in managing cardiogenic pulmonary edema by reducing the workload on the heart.

Quiz 20: Pulmonary Edema

Which of the following are considered noncardiogenic causes of increased capillary permeability? 1) Therapeutic lung radiation 2) Cigarette smoke 3) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 4) Inhaled phosgene

The respiratory therapist is asked to evaluate a patient with suspected congestive heart failure. Which of the following laboratory tests should the respiratory therapist recommend to evaluate the patient for possible congestive heart failure?

Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema includes giving a patient which of the following types of medications? 1) Reduction of systemic vascular resistance 2) Positive inotropic medication 3) Preload reducing medication 4) Positive chronotropic medication

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema would be expected to have which of the following chest radiograph findings? 1) Depressed diaphragms 2) Pleural effusion 3) Cardiomegaly 4) Bilateral "butterfly" pattern fluffy infiltrates

Mask CPAP is used with pulmonary edema patients because it: 1) decrease vascular congestion. 2) reduce work of breathing. 3) it is less expensive than mechanical ventilation. 4) improves lung compliance.

Lymphatic insufficiency could be caused by: 1) lung transplantation. 2) lymphangitic carcinomatosis. 3) removal of pleural fluid. 4) decreased oncotic pressure.

A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be recommended by the respiratory therapist?

What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

Pulmonary edema produces:

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema has had intravascular catheters placed for monitoring purposes. Which of the following values would be expected? 1) Decreased SV 2) Increased PCWP 3) Increased CVP 4) Decreased RAP

Which of the following may be causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema? 1) Pulmonary embolism 2) Dysrhythmias 3) Systemic hypertension 4) Excessive fluid administration

Which of the following are risk factors for coronary heart disease? 1) Elevated homocysteine level 2) Elevated vitamin E level 3) Hypertension 4) Diabetes mellitus

A patient has noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. What chest radiograph findings would be expected? 1) "Bat's wings" pattern fluffy infiltrates 2) Normal cardiac silhouette 3) Fluffy densities near the hilum 4) Pleural effusion

The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include: 1) atelectasis. 2) bronchospasm. 3) high surface tension of alveolar fluids. 4) alveolar flooding.

As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences?

Which of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema? 1) Myocardial infarction 2) Mitral valve disease 3) Allergic reaction to drugs 4) Congenital heart defects

A patient has a decreased oncotic pressure. What can be done to increase it?

The respiratory therapist is asked to recommend a medication to reduce afterload for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The therapist could recommend: