A matched sample design can lead to a smaller sampling error than the independent sample design because some or all of the variation between sampled items is eliminated as a source of sampling error.

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In a matched sample design, each member of one sample is paired with a member of the other sample based on certain characteristics, reducing variability due to those characteristics and thus potentially reducing sampling error compared to an independent sample design where such pairing is not done.

A Matched Sample Design Can Lead to a Smaller Sampling