In the Text Case United States V

In the text case United States v. Apple, Inc., which discussed whether Apple's agreement with five of the six major publishers in the United States setting higher prices for releases on Apple's "iBookstore violated antitrust laws, resulted in which ruling on appeal?

A) The court, relying on Verizon Commc'ns Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. 14 Trinko, ruled that the publishers had engaged in a horizontal price fixing conspiracy but that Apple was not liable because the price fixing was at a different level of competition.
B) The court ruled that the agreement was a technically a horizontal price-fixing conspiracy but not a violation of the Sherman Act because the presence of a strong competitor justifies such an arrangement (the "strong competitor exemption") .
C) The court ruled that the agreement was a horizontal price-fixing conspiracy and thus a violation of the Sherman Act.
D) The court ruled that because the agreement was within a statutory exemption to antitrust laws, it was not illegal and Apple had not violated the Sherman Act.
E) The court ruled that the newness of the market and few competitors necessitated some sort of price fixing to encourage efficiency in the market.