Question 1

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: T_h = 1 300 K, T_c = 1 000 K; Engine B: T_h = 1 000 K, T_c = 700 K; Engine C: T_h = 650 K, T_c = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs...

Question 2

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

Accepted Answer

Entropy is the amount of disorder or randomness in a system. It is a measure of how spread out or disordered the energy in a system is. The higher the entropy, the more disordered the system is.

Question 3

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P₁, V₁) and both ending at the same increased volume (V₂).One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

Accepted Answer

In a PV diagram, the isothermal process curve is always above the adiabatic process curve when both start from the same point and end at the same volume. This is because, for an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, requiring heat exchange with the surroundings to maintain the temperature, resulting in a slower decrease in pressure compared to volume increase. In contrast, an adiabatic process involves no heat exchange with the surroundings, leading to a faster decrease in pressure for the same volume increase, thus placing the adiabatic curve below the isothermal curve.

Question 4

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume.One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.What does the area between these two curves represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On a PV diagram, 2 curves are...

Question 5

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1^st Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When considering human metabolism in terms of...

Question 6

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or zero?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an isovolumetric process where the pressure...

Question 7

A person consumes 2 500 kcal/day while expending 3 500 kcal/day.In a month's time, about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)

Accepted Answer

The person is in a calorie deficit of 1,000 kcal/day (3,500 kcal/day expenditure - 2,500 kcal/day consumption). There are approximately 3,500 kcal in a pound of body fat. Therefore, in a month's time (30 days), the person would be in a deficit of 30,000 kcal (1,000 kcal/day x 30 days), which would result in a weight loss of approximately 8.6 pounds. Since the loss is essentially all from body fat, dividing this amount by the energy content of body fat (4,100 kcal/pound) gives a weight loss of approximately 7 pounds. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 8

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the dice factory, sets of novelty...

Question 9

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal.If a 1 400-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pound of body fat has an...

Question 10

On an average diet, the consumption of 10 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.8 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

Accepted Answer

Using the given information, we can calculate the amount of energy released from the consumption of 10 liters of oxygen:

Energy released = 4.8 kcal/liter x 10 liters = 48 kcal

We need to convert this to joules (J) since the options are given in joules.

1 kcal = 4.184 kJ
Therefore,
48 kcal = 48 x 4.184 kJ = 200.352 kJ

Rounding off to the nearest whole number, we get:

Energy released = 200 kJ

Thus, option B is the correct answer.

Quiz 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: T_h = 1 300 K, T_c = 1 000 K; Engine B: T_h = 1 000 K, T_c = 700 K; Engine C: T_h = 650 K, T_c = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P₁, V₁) and both ending at the same increased volume (V₂) .One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume.One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.What does the area between these two curves represent?

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1^st Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or zero?

A person consumes 2 500 kcal/day while expending 3 500 kcal/day.In a month's time, about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal.If a 1 400-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

On an average diet, the consumption of 10 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.8 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

Quiz 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: Th = 1 300 K, Tc = 1 000 K; Engine B: Th = 1 000 K, Tc = 700 K; Engine C: Th = 650 K, Tc = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1) and both ending at the same increased volume (V2) .One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume.One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.What does the area between these two curves represent?

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or zero?

A person consumes 2 500 kcal/day while expending 3 500 kcal/day.In a month's time, about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal.If a 1 400-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

On an average diet, the consumption of 10 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.8 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: T_h = 1 300 K, T_c = 1 000 K; Engine B: T_h = 1 000 K, T_c = 700 K; Engine C: T_h = 650 K, T_c = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P₁, V₁) and both ending at the same increased volume (V₂) .One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process.Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1^st Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?