A Student Wants to Know Whether People Who Believe in an Afterlife

A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT
Rely on empirical data about this relationship?

A) asking a member of the clergy whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events.
B) interviewing several people about their beliefs about an afterlife and their reactions to stressful events in their lives.
C) administering a questionnaire to several people that measures their coping skills and their beliefs about an afterlife.
D) comparing the reactions to a stressful situation of people who do and do not believe in an afterlife.