Question 1

The nursing policy analyst explains to a class of nursing students that the consumer wellness movement helped create:

Accepted Answer

As a result of the influence of the consumer wellness movement, federal policies and initiatives began incorporating self-care education for the general public.A surge in wellness and fitness centers was not the direct result of the consumer wellness movement, although in recent years, fitness center membership has grown, especially among affluent individuals.Market-based competition for health care services was not the direct result of the consumer wellness movement.New categories of insurance were not the direct result of the consumer wellness movement.

Question 2

A nurse assessing a patient with the role performance model of health in mind would add which question to the nursing assessment as a priority?

Accepted Answer

Daily activities reflect roles, and the role performance model of health looks at disease as interfering with the ability to fulfill one's social roles.The adaptive model of health addresses whether or not patients are able to meet their own needs.The adaptive model of health addresses the amount of stress patients have in their lives.The clinical model of health considers the absence of disease (and absence of symptoms)to be the defining characteristic of health.

Question 3

A nurse is frustrated because a patient does not make any needed health changes despite ongoing and comprehensive education on the health-related topic.The best action by the nurse would be to:

Accepted Answer

If the patient has the knowledge needed to make changes but does not, something is inhibiting the patient's ability or willingness to make the change.The nurse would be wise to assess for things that are keeping the patient from changing.Asking the patient whether he or she really wants to make changes will most likely sound challenging to the patient and might result in the patient's being defensive.More education is not the key unless the patient does not have enough information.Patients do learn in different ways, and tailoring the education to the patient's strengths is a good idea, but in this case, the nurse needs to determine whether something is keeping the patient from making the needed changes.

Question 4

The nurse explains to a student that health promotion means :

Accepted Answer

Protecting health and taking people beyond their current level of wellness are the goals of health promotion.Encouraging patients to avoid unhealthy habits is part of health promotion, but this is too narrow in focus to be the best answer.Maintaining a preventive health schedule, such as routine checkups, is part of health promotion, but this is too narrow in focus to be the best answer.Preventing disease is disease prevention, which is part of the clinical model of health.

Question 5

A nurse has worked to teach patients disease prevention strategies and is frustrated by the low level of compliance.This nurse would most likely conclude that:

Accepted Answer

Disease prevention aims to prevent specific diseases by avoiding, limiting, or restricting certain behaviors.This negative focus may discourage people and make them feel deprived.Considering higher levels of wellness would be health promotion, not disease prevention.People are often motivated to make changes but lack information and concrete plans to do so.Certainly, the nurse would not want to assume a negative view of patients as being generally unmotivated.The nurse should assess whether or not the information is too difficult for patients, but for the majority of patients, this will not be the case.

Question 6

A nurse tailors smoking cessation and smoking prevention activities toward teenagers because the nurse knows:

Accepted Answer

Smoking in adolescence is a very powerful predictor of smoking as an adult.School assemblies do create captive audiences, but they may not all be listening.Teenagers are not necessarily more amenable to health-related messages; they may in fact be less willing to listen because of their sense of invincibility.Health risks from smoking accumulate over time, so they are much worse the longer one smokes.

Question 7

A nurse is working with a patient on an exercise regimen.Which outcome, as written by the nurse, is most likely to encourage compliance with a newly established exercise regimen? The patient will:

Accepted Answer

Setting a goal that the patient will walk for 10 minutes a day three times a week is realistic and achievable even for a patient who has been completely sedentary.Good outcomes for health behavior change are realistic and measurable.It would be difficult for most people to determine what constitutes a 10% increase in their exercise each week.People are more likely to remain compliant with a home-based exercise regimen than one that relies on group participation at a fitness center.Setting an outcome that the patient will swim for 30 minutes a day, five times a week is not realistic for the beginning phase of an exercise regimen.

Question 8

A nurse is beginning discharge teaching when the patient states, "I just don't know if I can follow this diet at home.What difference will it make?" In further refining the discharge teaching plan, the nurse should:

Accepted Answer

A person with an external locus of control, such as this patient, needs clear directions and firm support to make healthy changes.Clear written instructions would be very helpful.With a patient who has an internal locus of control, it is a good strategy to ask the patient to help set his or her own nutritional goals.However, this patient has an external locus of control and would not believe that he or she has this control.A patient with an external locus of control may not see value in searching websites and likely would not do it.Although telling the patient when to return to the clinic is very clear, it does nothing to assist the patient in making healthy changes to dietary behaviors.

Question 9

The nurse who is interested in the eudaemonistic model of health would likely assess patients regarding their position related to:

Accepted Answer

The eudaemonistic model of health emphasizes human growth and depicts health as total development of the human, which is analogous to Maslow's stage of self-actualization.The eudaemonistic model would not specifically focus on a broad range of feelings about health.The ease of making health care changes is not related directly to models of health.The nurse using the eudaemonistic model of health would not specifically be interested in the importance of health in people's lives.

Question 10

A nurse is counseling a patient on disease prevention for a condition seen often in the patient's family history.Which instruction would the nurse be most likely to include in the patient's teaching?

Accepted Answer

Disease prevention is often aimed at preventing specific diseases and often addresses the problem by having people restrict or avoid certain items.This statement gives specific advice the patient can follow.The statement about fresh produce is too vague and does not give specific advice the patient can follow.The statement about sleep deprivation is too vague and does not give specific advice the patient can follow.The statement about stress is too vague and does not give specific advice the patient can follow.

Question 11

A nurse is helping an obese patient alter dietary habits, but the patient does not seem to follow through with agreed-upon recommendations.Which action by the nurse would be most beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Dietary habits are particularly difficult to change because food is often imbued with social and cultural meaning.Furthermore, if the patient is the person doing the cooking for the family, the dietary choices affect all members, who may also not like the prescribed regimen.The nurse could assess the meaning that food has for this patient and make alterations in the recommendations so that special foods can be enjoyed in their traditional manner on limited occasions.People respond much more favorably to messages about the benefits that accrue from making changes; they do not respond as well to threats of vague future repercussions.Keeping a food log does help patients lose weight, but finding out whether certain foods have special meanings would be more helpful than just having the patient keep a journal of what foods were eaten.The patient may have some misunderstandings in regard to the dietary teaching, but the nurse should assess for these, not assume they exist.

Question 12

A nurse wishes to encourage a patient to begin an exercise program.Drawing on past research, to increase the likelihood of long-term compliance, the nurse suggests that the patient:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that exercise regimens that are home-based result in better compliance than do regimens that rely on participating in a group activity in a local fitness center.Knowledge of immediate benefits is often more motivating than focusing on something that may or may not occur in the future.Expensive equipment is not necessary to maintain good health.The costs may be prohibitive for some people, discouraging their participation.Group participation has not been shown to create more compliance than home-based exercise regimens.

Question 13

The word holism was first used in print by:

Accepted Answer

Jan Smuts wrote about holism in a 1926 book, describing holism as a dynamic striving toward integration.Dorothea Orem, a nursing theorist, developed a nursing theory around patients' self-care agency.Halbert Dunn coined the phrase "high level wellness." Martha Rogers developed a nursing theory of people as unitary human beings who are more than the sum of their parts.

Question 14

The idea that health is the absence of disease is a predominant feature of the __________ model of health.

Accepted Answer

The clinical model of health considers the absence of disease to be the defining characteristic of health.The adaptive model of health emphasizes continual adaptation and readjustment to demands.The eudaemonistic model of health focuses on the complete development of human potential.The role performance model of health considers illness to exist when one cannot perform one's roles.

Question 15

A nurse explains to a nursing student that an advantage of a broad view of health is:

Accepted Answer

In a broad view of health, the nurse recognizes the impact of family, friends, culture, and environment on the patient, who exists within a relationship with each of these components.Thus, each part of the patient's life can be harnessed as a supportive resource for the patient.Alternative practices are not specifically addressed in a broader view of health and illness.Furthermore, holistic does not mean "alternative," although many people have this impression.The broader view of health considers that mind, body, and spirit are all interrelated and that the patient's family, friends, culture, and environment have effects on the patient that cannot be ignored; it is not related to patients' definitions of health and illness.The broader view of health is not necessarily a way to avoid overlooking issues of importance to patients.

Question 16

A nurse who is teaching a patient assesses the patient's goals in life.The nurse then explains to a student nurse that this practice is important because:

Accepted Answer

The nurse can use the patient's goals as motivating factors.Without good health, the patient probably won't be able to meet most goals.Although teaching a patient how to assess his or her life goals does assist the nurse in getting to know the patient as a unique individual, it is what the nurse does with this knowledge (motivate the patient)that is important.This answer is too narrow in focus to be the best choice.Increasing trust will help the nurse convince the patient that health-related changes are needed, but this answer is too narrow in focus to be the best answer.Goals are not related to self-agency.

Question 17

A nurse assessing a patient with the adaptive model of health in mind would most likely ask which question as part of an admission database?

Accepted Answer

This question would fit with the adaptive model of health, which considers that humans need to adapt constantly to the stresses and demands of their ever-changing lives.The role performance model of health addresses how illness affects a patient's relationships.The role performance model of health addresses how illness affects a patient's daily life.The role performance model of health addresses how illness affects a patient's usual lifestyle.

Question 18

A nurse assesses a patient for frequently occurring barriers to implementing behavior changes according to the health belief model.Which question by the nurse will yield the most useful information?

Accepted Answer

In using the health belief model, the nurse assesses for perceived barriers to action.Lack of time might well be a barrier for this patient.The question "Do you think you know enough to change your diet?" is concerned with lack of knowledge, which is not one of the most frequent barriers to behavior change.Lack of knowledge is not one of the most frequently occurring barriers to behavioral change."Why" questions are probing and tend to make patients defensive.Furthermore, the patient may not be able to answer this question because he or she may not be aware of the reasons behind the behavior.

Question 19

A faculty member explains to a student that when a person has self-care agency, the person:

Accepted Answer

A person with self-care agency believes that he or she is capable of completing a behavior and therefore is more prone to attempt it.A person has an internal locus of control when he or she is able to believe in personal control of his or her life and its consequences.A person's ability to control health care practices, rather than relying on a health care professional or other people, is not directly related to self-care agency.A person who has a sense of direction and sets goals for the future has a sense of purpose.

Question 20

The nursing faculty member explains that dissatisfaction with the power imbalance in health care in part led to:

Accepted Answer

The consumer wellness movement was a direct result of dissatisfaction with paternalistic health care and occurred at a time when consumers of health care were becoming better educated.New ethical and professional standards did not emerge from dissatisfaction with power imbalances in health care.Requirements for patient education did not change as a result of dissatisfaction with power imbalances in health care.New regulations on patient consent did not emerge from dissatisfaction with power imbalances in health care.

Quiz 15: Health and Health Promotion