There is criticism that the parliamentary process has become dominated by the executive.Executive dominance in a parliamentary system is made possible by which of the following practices?

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Party discipline is the practice where members of a political party are required to vote according to the party's stance on an issue, rather than their own personal beliefs or the desires of their constituents. This can result in executive dominance, as the party leaders, who often hold executive positions, can use party discipline to ensure that their policies are passed through parliament. Parliamentary committees, caucus meetings, and free votes do not necessarily contribute to executive dominance in the same way that party discipline does.

There Is Criticism That the Parliamentary Process Has Become Dominated