Which of the following electoral systems affords the MOST power to party leaders?

Question

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A closed ballot proportional representation system allows party leaders to have more control over the party list and candidate selection process, as party members must vote for the party list rather than individual candidates. This gives party leaders greater power to ensure that loyal party members are selected as candidates and also to exert influence over party policy. In contrast, open ballot and single-transferable-vote systems give more power to individual voters and can lead to a greater diversity of candidates and parties represented in parliament. The mixed-member proportional system mixes elements of first-past-the-post and proportional representation, so the degree of power granted to party leaders may vary depending on specific design features of the system.

Which of the Following Electoral Systems Affords the MOST Power