Experimental Studies Use Blinding to Prevent Researchers from Biasing Their

Experimental studies use blinding to prevent researchers from biasing their measurements of the subjects. In a study of a drug intervention, a clinician who was
"blinded" was asked to guess what treatment each subject received. Data from that
experiment are shown below. Suppose a person is to be chosen at random from the
subjects in this study. $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Frequencies for Blinding Experiment }\\\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline & \text { Correct Guess } & \text { Incorrect Guess } \\\hline \text { Drug } & 23 & 12 \\\hline \text { Standard treatment } & 32 & 6 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$$ a) What is the probability that the clinician made a correct guess for the selected
subject?
b) What is the probability the selected subject received the drug treatment?
c) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
correctly guessed as having received drug treatment?
d) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
guessed correctly or who received the standard treatment?
e) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinician
guessed correctly and who received the standard treatment?
f) In a few sentences, explain why the probabilities calculated in parts (d) and (e)
differ.