Charles Malone Recently Renewed His Card Membership at DiscountMania

Charles Malone recently renewed his card membership at DiscountMania. The card has an annual $40 fee, but Charles believes that it pays for itself because he receives good prices on electronics, contact lenses, and even tires for his car. Shortly after renewing the card, Charles began receiving calls from collection agencies claiming that he owed money. With the help of others, he learned that another Charles Malone also owned a DiscountMania card, and wrote checks with insufficient bank funds when making purchases. DiscountMania had linked Charles' personal information with the other Charles Malone's personal information. Charles experienced _______________.

A) buyer myopia.
B) database fraud.
C) information trafficking.
D) identity theft.