Question 1

According to the psychoanalytical theory, depression is caused by

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytical theory, depression is often viewed as a result of repressed anger that is turned inward, manifesting as self-hate. This perspective is rooted in the ideas of Sigmund Freud and later psychoanalysts who emphasized internal psychological conflicts as key factors in mental health issues.

Question 2

Depression is caused by learned helplessness, according to the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral theory, specifically the learned helplessness model, suggests that depression is caused by a perceived lack of control over the outcome of situations, leading to a sense of helplessness.

Question 3

Regarding women and depression, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that genetic and brain structure differences are the main reasons for the different rates of depression in men and women is false. While biological factors can play a role, the disparity in depression rates between men and women is also significantly influenced by social, psychological, and environmental factors.

Question 4

According to behavioral theory, depression is caused by

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness, a concept in behavioral theory, suggests that depression can result from experiencing uncontrollable events, leading individuals to feel powerless and thus contributing to depressive symptoms.

Question 5

According to cognitive psychologists, depression is caused by

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists believe that depression is caused by negative thought patterns, such as self-criticism and self-defeating thoughts, which affect one's perception and interpretation of experiences.

Question 6

Jasmine has been very depressed. Her therapist utilizes aspects of mastery training to help her overcome her learned helplessness. Jasmine's therapist is most likely a __________ therapist.

Accepted Answer

Mastery training is a behavioral technique used to help individuals overcome learned helplessness by reinforcing successful experiences and promoting a sense of control over their environment.

Question 7

In the development of the more severe (major)mood disorders, which of the following seem(s)to play the largest role?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors are considered to play the largest role in the development of major mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. This includes genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances, and brain structure differences.

Question 8

Factors that contribute to women's greater risk of depression include

Accepted Answer

All of these factors contribute to women's greater risk of depression. The strain of providing emotional support, conflicts about birth control and pregnancy, and poverty are all recognized as contributing factors to the higher incidence of depression among women.

Question 9

Women are 50 percent more likely to experience depression than men, with the main reason for this difference being

Accepted Answer

Social and environmental conditions, such as gender roles, stress from work-life balance, and exposure to violence, contribute significantly to the higher rates of depression in women compared to men.

Question 10

Negative, distorted, or self-defeating thoughts underlie depression, according to the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory, particularly associated with Aaron Beck, posits that negative, distorted, or self-defeating thoughts are a primary cause of depression. This theory emphasizes the role of an individual's thoughts and beliefs in influencing their mood and behavior.

Question 11

Scientists interested in how brain chemicals affect mental disorders have found that lithium carbonate is effective in the treatment of

Accepted Answer

Lithium carbonate is widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating bipolar disorders, where it helps to stabilize mood and reduce the severity and frequency of manic and depressive episodes.

Question 12

The likelihood that biological factors, especially brain chemicals, may be involved in mood disorders is suggested by

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of lithium carbonate in treating bipolar disorder suggests that mood disorders may have a biological basis, particularly in how brain chemicals are balanced or imbalanced. Lithium carbonate is known to stabilize mood by affecting neurotransmitter activity in the brain, which supports the idea that biological factors play a significant role in mood disorders.

Question 13

Sierra constantly criticizes her appearance and her abilities and downplays her many accomplishments. These negative, self-defeating thoughts have led to her long-standing depression, according to the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory suggests that depression is influenced by negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future. Sierra's constant self-criticism and downplaying of her accomplishments align with this theory, as it emphasizes how negative thinking patterns can lead to depression.

Question 14

Which theory holds that depression is caused by repressed anger turned inward as self-blame?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that depression can result from repressed anger turned inward, leading to self-blame and guilt. This internalization of anger is thought to contribute to depressive symptoms.

Question 15

Depression that appears to be produced from within, perhaps by chemical imbalances in the brain, rather than as a reaction to life events are said to be

Accepted Answer

Endogenous depression is considered to originate from within the individual, often attributed to biological factors such as chemical imbalances in the brain, rather than external life events.

Question 16

Marian is very depressed. Her therapist tells her that her anger has been displaced and turned inward as self-blame and self-hate. Marian's therapist has explained Marian's depression, according to the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic theory, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that unresolved conflicts can lead to psychological issues. In this context, the therapist's explanation that Marian's anger has been displaced and turned inward, manifesting as self-blame and self-hate, aligns with the psychoanalytic perspective on how internalized emotions can contribute to depression.

Question 17

Mood disorders often appear to be produced from within, that is, they have an __________ cause.

Accepted Answer

Mood disorders are often thought to originate from internal factors, which is what "endogenous" means. "Endogenous" refers to something that comes from within an organism, system, or process.

Question 18

By what percent are women more likely to experience depression than men?

Accepted Answer

Women are about 50 percent more likely to experience depression than men, according to various studies and reports on mental health. This difference is attributed to a combination of biological, hormonal, and social factors that uniquely affect women.

Question 19

Which of the following has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Lithium carbonate is a well-established treatment for bipolar disorder, known for its effectiveness in stabilizing mood and reducing the frequency and severity of manic and depressive episodes.

Question 20

Occasionally, Tina can be very irritating to everyone around by being excessively cheerful, talking too fast, and interrupting the conversations of others. During these elated times, she often spends too much money. However, most of the time people would describe Tina as being mostly sad and guilt-ridden. Tina would most likely be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Tina's symptoms suggest bipolar II disorder, characterized by periods of hypomania (e.g., excessive cheerfulness, talking fast, interrupting others) and depressive episodes (e.g., feeling sad and guilt-ridden). Bipolar I involves more extreme manic episodes, while dysthymia and SAD do not typically include hypomanic episodes.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders