Two-year-old Emma was just toilet-trained.According to Erikson,if her parents were firm and reassuring,Emma would emerge from this stage with a newly developed ego strength of

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According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, during the toddler stage (ages 1-3), children are developing a sense of autonomy and independence. Toilet-training is a big milestone during this stage, and if parents are firm and reassuring in their approach, it can help the child develop a sense of willpower and determination (i.e. ego strength of "will"). Therefore, the best choice is C) will. Hope (D) is a developmentally appropriate ego strength for infancy (ages 0-1). While care (A) and purpose (B) are important for later stages of development.

Two-Year-Old Emma Was Just Toilet-Trained