Question 1

Which of these ethical principles is not found in the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

The Belmont Report, a foundational document in the ethics of human subjects research, outlines three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Equal pay is not mentioned as it is not a principle directly related to research ethics as outlined in the Belmont Report.

Question 2

A web-based survey in which no log-in or other identifying information is required is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Anonymity is ensured in a web-based survey that does not require log-in or other identifying information, as the respondents' identities are not known to the researchers.

Question 3

Discuss the role of institutional review boards in the research process. In what ways do they influence research and what is their specific purpose? Give an example of a situation that would not be approved by an institutional review board and how the researcher could rectify that situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role of institutional review boards...

Question 4

There are certain classes of subjects that require special treatment by the researcher. Identify at least two of those classes and discuss why they constitute a special class. What specific steps should be taken when dealing with these special classes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are certain classes of subjects that...

Question 5

When may possible harm to subjects be justified?

Accepted Answer

The potential benefits of the study outweighing the harm is a common justification for research, provided that the risks are minimized and are reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.

Question 6

Which special populations require special protections if they are research subjects?

Accepted Answer

Juveniles and prisoners are considered vulnerable populations in research and thus require special protections to ensure their rights and welfare are safeguarded. This is because they may have limited capacity to give informed consent or may be in a situation where they could be coerced into participating.

Question 7

When the term "informed consent" is used in criminal justice research it refers to some very specific ethical concerns. Discuss what is meant by "informed consent" and why it is important when engaging in research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the term "informed consent" is used...

Question 8

If appropriate steps are taken prior to the start of research to safeguard the data, federal law protects researchers from  __________  action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If appropriate steps are taken prior to...

Question 9

A major tenet of medical research ethics is that experimental participation

Accepted Answer

Experimental participation in medical research must be voluntary, ensuring that participants are willing and have given informed consent without coercion.

Question 10

Give an example using research discussed in class of the difference between anonymity and confidentiality. Be specific with your example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example using research discussed in...

Question 11

In order to make sure that there was no long-term damage done to the participants of the simulated prison, the researchers held  __________  sessions with "prisoners" and "guards" after the termination of the project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to make sure that there...

Question 12

Which was not identified by John Monahan as a group at potential risk of physical harm?

Accepted Answer

John Monahan identified research subjects, researchers, and third parties as groups at potential risk of physical harm in his work, but he did not specifically identify lab animals as a group at potential risk.

Question 13

Weighing the potential benefits from doing research against the possibility of harm to the people being studied is a fundamental ethical dilemma in

Accepted Answer

Weighing potential benefits against possible harm is a fundamental ethical consideration in all research, especially when it involves human participants. This ensures the protection of participants' rights and well-being.

Question 14

The norm of voluntary participation is usually satisfied through

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is the process through which individuals are provided with all necessary information regarding what they are volunteering for, including the risks, benefits, and alternatives, allowing them to make an educated decision about their participation. This satisfies the norm of voluntary participation by ensuring that individuals are willingly and knowledgeably agreeing to participate.

Question 15

Whenever a survey is __________, it is the researcher's responsibility to make that fact clear to respondents.

Accepted Answer

When a survey is confidential rather than anonymous, it means that some identifying information may be known to the researcher but will not be disclosed. It's crucial for researchers to clarify this to participants to maintain trust and ethical standards.

Question 16

Researchers strive to do no harm to their subjects. Identify what type of harm may occur to subjects and use specific examples to illustrate the potential harm. Include in your answer whether harm is ever appropriate when completing research in criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers strive to do no harm to...

Question 17

A(n)  __________  is the general explanation that prisons are brutal and dehumanizing because of the types of people who run them and are incarcerated in them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)  __________  is the general explanation that...

Question 18

Not harming people is an easy  __________  to accept in theory, but it is often difficult to ensure in practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Not harming people is an easy  __________ ...

Question 19

Subjects of the simulated prison accepted the roles they were assigned with great speed. During the study the guards became  __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subjects of the simulated prison accepted the...

Question 20

Where did the Stanford Prison Experiment take place?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford Prison Experiment took place in a laboratory setting, specifically in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University, which was converted to simulate a prison environment.

Quiz 3: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research