Question 1

The brain of a newborn baby has more dendrites and synapses than an adult brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The brain of a newborn baby has...

Question 2

Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when it begins between 18 and 24 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Current guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend starting toilet training between 18 and 24 months of age for most children, as this is when they become physically and emotionally ready. However, every child is different and may be ready at different times. It is important to follow the child's cues and not force the process.

Question 3

A time during which certain events must take place for normal development to occur is called a

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period is a specific time in an organism's development when it is particularly responsive to certain environmental stimuli. If these stimuli are absent or not present in the right way, it can lead to irreversible changes in abilities or behavior.

Question 4

Dr. Santos conducts research involving the changes in the abilities and behaviors of humans from conception to death. Dr. Santos is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Santos conducts research involving the changes...

Question 5

Psychologists testing the relationship between environment and development developed the "rat wonderland" experiment. The control group rats were placed in plain cages, and the experimental group rats were placed in enriched cages with colorful patterns, platforms, and ladders. Rats that were raised in the enriched cage environments

Accepted Answer

Rats raised in enriched environments, like the "rat wonderland," showed improved learning abilities, such as being superior at navigating mazes, due to enhanced neural development from the stimulation provided by their environment.

Question 6

Abby's mother has watched Abby progress in her development from attempting to pick up a ball using her arms and torso, to using her whole hands, and finally to using her fingertips. This is an example of cephalocaudal development.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of proximodistal development, which describes the pattern of growth and motor control that starts at the center of the body and moves outward towards the extremities.

Question 7

Temperament refers to

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the biologically based aspect of a person's personality, including characteristics that are inherited and relatively stable throughout life. It includes traits such as responsiveness to stimuli, adaptability to change, and emotional reactivity.

Question 8

Joey's mother was amazed by her two-year-old son. He was a very friendly, agreeable child who always seemed to be relaxed and in a good mood. Thomas and Chess would describe Joey as a(n) __________ child.

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess's classification system includes three types of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Joey's behavior as described by his mother fits the characteristics of an easy child. The other options, extroverted, positive, and power assertive, are not part of the classification system and do not accurately describe Joey's temperament based on the information given.

Question 9

Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to

Accepted Answer

Early childhood stimulation refers to providing children with opportunities to learn, explore and engage in activities that promote their cognitive, emotional and social development. This can be seen as an enrichment of their early experiences, unlike poverty which causes deprivation.

Question 10

When psychologists attribute development to nurture, they are referring to the effects of heredity.

Accepted Answer

When psychologists attribute development to nurture, they are referring to the effects of the environment and experiences, not heredity. Heredity refers to the genetic factors that are passed down from parents to their offspring.

Question 11

If an expectant mother is exposed to German measles, the child could be born with a

Accepted Answer

German measles, also known as rubella, can cause congenital disabilities in babies if the mother contracts the virus during pregnancy. These disabilities may include hearing and vision problems, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. It is important for pregnant women to make sure they are vaccinated against rubella and to avoid contact with infected individuals.

Question 12

A lack of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deprivation refers to a lack of normal and necessary stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love, which can lead to developmental delays and psychological harm in a child. It is different from abuse, which involves intentional harm or mistreatment, and rejection, which involves the absence of acceptance or approval. Scaffolding refers to the support and guidance provided by a more knowledgeable person to help a child learn and develop new skills.

Question 13

Considering what is now known about the effects of smoking on the unborn, the best advice for the mother is to

Accepted Answer

Smoking both tobacco and marijuana has been shown to have negative effects on the unborn, including low birth weight and developmental issues. The best advice for an expectant mother is to discontinue smoking both substances to minimize risks to the fetus.

Question 14

Regarding a sensitive period for language development, babies who don't hear normal speech during their first year may have impaired language abilities.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a sensitive period for language development suggests that there is an optimal time frame for acquiring language. If children are not exposed to language (through hearing, for example) during this critical period, particularly in the first year of life, their ability to learn language later can be significantly impaired. This is supported by research on language development and cases of children who were not exposed to language early in life.

Question 15

Babies of mothers who smoked heavily during pregnancy do NOT show which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Babies of mothers who smoke heavily during pregnancy are more likely to have lower birth weights, not be overweight. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with lower scores on tests of language and mental ability, increased risk of miscarriage or infant death, and reduced oxygen supply to the fetus, but not with being overweight.

Question 16

At any stage of life, the three factors that combine to determine a person's developmental level are

Accepted Answer

Developmental level is determined by a combination of genetic factors (heredity), environmental factors (environment), and individual factors (person's own behavior). Heredity provides the genetic blueprint for development, environment provides the context for development, and an individual's behavior can influence their own developmental trajectory. These three factors work together to shape a person's development at any stage of life.

Question 17

Ben touches his newborn brother's palm, and his little brother takes hold of Ben's finger and will not let go, illustrating the Babinski reflex.

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is a reflex in which the toes spread apart when the sole of the foot is stimulated. The scenario described in the statement illustrates the grasp reflex, not the Babinski reflex.

Question 18

Impoverished children tend to be sick more often and show poorer school performance.

Accepted Answer

Poverty can lead to malnutrition, lack of access to medical care, and increased exposure to environmental toxins, which in turn can cause frequent illness and impair cognitive development, leading to poorer school performance.

Question 19

When a gene is recessive, it must be paired with a second gene of the same type before its effect will be expressed.

Accepted Answer

This is true. In order for a recessive gene to be expressed, it must be paired with a second recessive gene. If paired with a dominant gene, the dominant gene will mask the effect of the recessive gene.

Question 20

Because of the rapid growth of basic structures, the developing fetus is sensitive to a variety of diseases, drugs, and sources of radiation, especially during which part of the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

During the first trimester, when the major organs and basic structures are developing, is when the developing fetus is most sensitive to a variety of diseases, drugs, and sources of radiation.

Quiz 3: Human Development