Ilan Does Not Go Out and Remove Dead Branches from the Yard

Ilan does not go out and remove dead branches from the yard even though his father has asked him to do so several times. As a result, his father turns off the television and says, "No more TV until you do your chores." Ilan is being taught through the process of

A) learned helplessness.
B) penalty.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) avoidance conditioning.