Which of the Following Is Not a Characteristic of a Mother

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mother who has experienced malnutrition prior to or after conception?

A) inadequate fetal nourishment due to a poorly developed placenta.
B) a temporary loss of insulin secretion
C) if the baby is female, an elevated risk of that baby later in life to develop a chronic disease that could impair her ability to give birth to a healthy infant.
D) growth restriction in the fetus
E) higher risk of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth