Question 1

Which approach to diminishing binge drinking on college campuses appears to be least effective?

Accepted Answer

Efforts based on limiting access to alcohol are often least effective because students may find alternative ways to obtain alcohol, and such measures do not address the underlying reasons for binge drinking.

Question 2

At a chemical level, alcohol addiction results in chemical changes that

Accepted Answer

Alcohol addiction leads to changes in the brain chemistry that increase the desire for alcohol, leading to cravings and withdrawal symptoms. This is due in part to the way that alcohol affects the production and release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, which are involved in the reward pathways of the brain. Over time, the brain becomes increasingly dependent on alcohol to maintain these levels, which can lead to addiction.

Question 3

A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?

Accepted Answer

The formula that contains information regarding height and weight is typically used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a measure of a person's health based on their weight relative to their height.

Question 4

Bernice is very interested in studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the life span. In other words, Bernice is interested in studying

Accepted Answer

Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur in the body to maintain life, including the process of converting food into energy. The energy needs of the human body change throughout the life span, with infants and children requiring more energy per unit of body weight than adults, and older adults requiring less energy due to a decrease in muscle mass and physical activity. Therefore, studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the life span falls under the area of metabolism. Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and addiction are not directly related to the specific topic of energy needs throughout the life span.

Question 5

Which statement best describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs?

Accepted Answer

HDLs, or high-density lipoproteins, are commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol because they help remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for processing and excretion. LDLs, or low-density lipoproteins, are known as "bad" cholesterol because they can build up on the walls of arteries and contribute to arterial blockages. HDLs can break down LDLs, helping to prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 6

If Winchester weighs 100 kilograms (220 pounds)and is 2 meters tall (6 feet 5 inches), his BMI would be

Accepted Answer

BMI (body mass index) is calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. For Winchester, the calculation would be 100/(2^2) = 25. This falls in the "healthy weight" range according to World Health Organization standards. Choices B, C, and D are not appropriate because they are much higher than any possible BMI, indicating a calculation error.

Question 7

Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn't drink. Amanda's experience with alcohol would be best described as

Accepted Answer

Amanda's physical dependence on alcohol and experiencing withdrawal symptoms indicate that she has developed an addiction to alcohol.

Question 8

Low-density lipoproteins

Accepted Answer

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are known as "bad cholesterol" because they can cause fatty deposits in arteries, leading to blockages and an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 9

Sheryl's physician Dr. Crow has just indicated that she needs to begin to take statins. If Dr. Crow is competent, he would know that Sheryl

Accepted Answer

Statins are typically prescribed to lower high levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein), which is considered the "bad" cholesterol. The other conditions mentioned (depression, ADHD, and alcoholism) may be relevant to Sheryl's health but are not directly related to the decision to prescribe statins.

Question 10

Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs, is at the greatest risk of a heart attack as LDLs contribute to plaque buildup in arteries and HDLs help remove plaque. Therefore, having high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs puts more strain on the heart and increases the risk of a heart attack.

Question 11

A doctor is most likely to recommend that you consume higher levels of ____ to increase your HDL level.

Accepted Answer

Consuming more fiber can help increase HDL levels, as it binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, preventing it from being absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 12

Sixty-year-old Norbert says, "When I was a teenager, I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a couple of snacks can get me through the day." What best accounts for this age-related change?

Accepted Answer

As people age, their metabolic rate typically decreases, meaning they burn fewer calories at rest. This can result in a decreased appetite and the ability to feel full with smaller meals or snacks.

Question 13

Who is most likely to be a binge drinker?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that college students who are members of a fraternity or sorority are more likely to engage in binge drinking compared to non-Greek affiliated students or students in general.

Question 14

Which combination would be a sign of good health?

Accepted Answer

A high LDL level (over 160 mg/dL) is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, while a low HDL level (under 50 mg/dL) is also associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Therefore, the combination of a low LDL level (under 160 mg/dL) and a high HDL level (over 50 mg/dL) is a sign of good health.

Question 15

Concerning treatment of alcohol abuse in young adults,

Accepted Answer

The long-term effects of most programs for alcohol abuse treatment in young adults are unknown. It is important to continue researching and evaluating these programs to determine their effectiveness. The statement in option A is not entirely accurate, as there are other evidence-based treatments that have shown long-term benefits. Option C is incorrect, as behavior modification programs have shown some effectiveness in treating alcohol abuse. Option D is also incorrect, as cognitive therapies can be effective for both males and females.

Question 16

Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. His physician is most likely concerned about the high amount of ____ in Richard's blood.

Accepted Answer

The physician's concern about Richard's fat intake suggests that Richard may have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), also known as "bad" cholesterol, in his blood. Consuming too much dietary fat, particularly saturated and trans fats, can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol, are not typically associated with dietary fat intake. Carbohydrates are not directly related to cholesterol levels, although consuming excessive amounts of sugar and refined carbohydrates may impact overall cardiovascular health.

Question 17

What is BMI?

Accepted Answer

BMI stands for body mass index, which is a measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered healthy, while a BMI of 25-29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Question 18

Jari is a frequent binge drinker. Which is he less likely to experience than his non-binge-drinking peers?

Accepted Answer

Binge drinking is associated with negative consequences such as risky sexual behavior and health issues such as hangovers and sexually transmitted diseases. However, there is no correlation between binge drinking and academic performance. Therefore, Jari is less likely to experience good grades compared to his non-binge-drinking peers.

Question 19

____ help keep your arteries clear.

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good" cholesterol and can help keep arteries clear by transporting excess cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, where it can be broken down and eliminated from the body. Trans fats, on the other hand, can clog arteries by increasing LDL cholesterol levels, while serotonin and steroids do not have a direct impact on artery health.

Question 20

An individual with a BMI of ____ or less is considered healthy.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 24 or less is considered healthy, while a BMI of 25-29.9 is considered overweight and a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese. Therefore, the best choice is A, as it is the only option that falls within the healthy BMI range.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood