Question 1

Kate thinks that no matter what she does, she will not be able to do well in her developmental psychology class. This perception is a sample of Kate's ​

Accepted Answer

Kate's perception of not being able to do well in her developmental psychology class is an example of her personal control beliefs. Personal control beliefs refer to an individual's perception of how much control they have over their environment and life outcomes. In this case, Kate feels that she has no control over her performance in the class, which can affect her motivation and effort in trying to do well.

Question 2

Which of the following would best reflect a life story goal of communion? ​

Accepted Answer

Communion is all about establishing deep connections with others, fostering a sense of belonging and togetherness. A lifelong love is a perfect example of this, as it involves forming a personal and emotional bond with someone else that lasts a lifetime. A powerful CEO or winning a Nobel prize may bring success, but these achievements are more self-focused and less about establishing connections with others. Being your own person is important, but it does not necessarily reflect the desire for communion.

Question 3

How many of these items could be elements of someone's life story: emotions, main characters, and a legacy?

Accepted Answer

Emotions, main characters, and a legacy are all potential elements of someone's life story. Emotions include the feelings and reactions experienced by the individual throughout their life, while main characters refer to the people who played important roles in their story. A legacy is the impact that the individual has had on the world, or the lasting impression that they leave behind. All three of these elements could be present in someone's life story, making D the best answer.

Question 4

Harouna is thinking about graduating from graduate school and finding a job in which he can use his skills. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Harouna is imagining a possible future outcome for himself, which is what a scenario entails. An implicit stereotype would involve Harouna applying bias to a group without conscious awareness. A life story would involve Harouna reflecting on his past experiences and how they have shaped him. Reflective judgment would involve Harouna analyzing new information and critically evaluating it.

Question 5

Jim believes that he can improve his financial situation by getting a second job. Jim is exercising

Accepted Answer

Primary control involves taking action to directly change a situation, such as getting a second job to improve one's financial situation. Secondary control involves adapting to a situation that cannot be changed, such as finding ways to cope with a chronic illness. Implicit stereotyping involves making assumptions about others based on group membership, and skill acquisition involves learning new abilities or knowledge.

Question 6

Omar is thinking about a time to come when he will be married and have a family. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Omar is imagining a hypothetical situation that could happen in the future, which is a scenario.

Question 7

A life-span construct represents a

Accepted Answer

A life-span construct represents an individual's unified sense of their past, present, and future. It is a way of organizing and understanding one's life experiences and goals across different stages of development.

Question 8

____ tends to be most important domain for hoped- and feared-for self in older age.

Accepted Answer

Health tends to be the most important domain for the hoped-for self and feared-for self in older age because it can affect one's independence, quality of life, and ability to function autonomously. With age, individuals become more aware of their mortality and may prioritize their health over other domains such as wealth, love, or intelligence.

Question 9

Darren wants to be out of graduate school by age 25, married by age 30, and retired by age 50. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

Darren's expectations about when certain events should occur in his life reflect a social clock, which is the culturally preferred timing of social events, such as starting a career, getting married, and retiring.

Question 10

According to McAdams, a person's developing personality is best reflected by

Accepted Answer

McAdams emphasizes the importance of a person's life story in reflecting their personality, including the emotions conveyed in that story.

Question 11

Merlin believes that he can get what he wants if he tries hard enough. This indicates that he has ____ sense of personal control.

Accepted Answer

Merlin believes in his ability to achieve his goals if he puts in the effort, which suggests a high sense of personal control. He believes that his actions can influence the outcomes, indicating that he takes responsibility for the outcomes, and is not just a passive recipient of fate.

Question 12

According to McAdams, a person's life story is

Accepted Answer

McAdams argues that a person's life story is fashioned and refashioned over time, and that this process is influenced by culture.

Question 13

Research on possible selves development has shown that

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that younger adults tend to believe they have control over becoming both their hoped-for selves and their feared selves, reflecting a sense of optimism and control over their future.

Question 14

Which individual best reflects a "social clock?"

Accepted Answer

The concept of a "social clock" refers to societal expectations and norms for age-related milestones, such as achieving financial stability, getting married, and having children. Donald's desire to become a millionaire by age 30 aligns with societal expectations for financial success at a particular age. While the other options may reflect different life experiences or developmental stages, they do not necessarily align with societal expectations for a "social clock."

Question 15

Costanzia has a firm sense of her childhood, who she is as a person today, and how she will live her life in the future. This constitutes Costanza's

Accepted Answer

The term "life-span construct" refers to a person's perceptions of their past, present, and future, which guide their behavior and decisions. Costanza's firm sense of her childhood, current identity, and future plans all fall under this concept. Possible selves (A) refers to the different versions of ourselves that we imagine could exist in the future. Fluid intelligence (B) refers to the ability to reason and solve problems in novel situations, which is not related to an individual's life-span construct. A scenario (D) is a imagined sequence of events or circumstances, which is not directly related to an individual's sense of self across the lifespan.

Question 16

According to McAdams, in Western society, coherent life stories are first formed in

Accepted Answer

McAdams states that coherent life stories are first formed in early adulthood. This is when individuals have experienced enough of the world and have established a sense of self, which allows them to construct a narrative of their lives.

Question 17

Gabriella often thinks of herself as a mother and dreams of herself as an actress, but is afraid she'll end up suffering from alcoholism. These are examples of

Accepted Answer

Possible selves are future-oriented representations of what one hopes to become, what one expects to become, and what one is afraid of becoming. Gabriella's thoughts about being a mother, an actress, and potentially struggling with alcoholism are all examples of her possible selves.

Question 18

Who is most likely to believe that she will achieve her hoped-for self?

Accepted Answer

Allie, who is younger, is more likely to have greater optimism and ambition compared to Alison or Ashley, who are closer to retirement age, and Abby, who is likely to have lower expectations due to her advanced age.

Question 19

Gina is 40 years old and often reflects on her life. Special memories of childhood, high school, college, and her early career all seem to fit together. This is Gina's

Accepted Answer

Gina's reflection on her memories and how they fit together indicates that she is constructing her life story, which is the narrative of the events and experiences that have shaped her life.

Question 20

What requires the creation of possible selves?

Accepted Answer

The creation of possible selves requires projecting oneself into the future, imagining different possibilities and potential outcomes. This process involves envisioning oneself in different roles or situations and imagining how one would think, feel, and behave in those contexts. Postformal thought and reflective thinking may be involved in this process, but they are not the primary factors that require the creation of possible selves. Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge and skills over time, but it is not directly related to the creation of possible selves.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood