____ refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions.

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ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, and it is a type of memory chip that stores permanent data and instructions. It is used to store the firmware of various electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, and game consoles. Unlike RAM (Random Access Memory), which is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off, ROM retains its data even when the power is off. Therefore, ROM is typically used to store critical data that must always be available, such as the BIOS of a computer or the boot loader of a smartphone.

____ Refers to Memory Chips Storing Permanent Data and Instructions