The most direct and continuing European-Muslim conflict was that between which states or groups?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The conflict between the Russians and the Ottomans dates back to the 16th century and continued well into the 19th century. The Russians expanded their territory at the expense of the Ottomans and Central Asians, often through military conquests. This conflict was ongoing and direct, unlike the intermittent conflicts that occurred between other European states and Muslim groups. The conflict between the Portuguese and Islamic states in Africa was an intermittent conflict with periods of peace, while the conflict between Central European Christians and Islamic fundamentalists has not been a continuous conflict throughout history.

The Most Direct and Continuing European-Muslim Conflict Was That Between