Question 1

_____ are violent acts aimed at individuals or groups of a particular race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, social status, or political affiliation.

Accepted Answer

Hate crimes are violent acts committed against an individual or group based on their perceived identity or characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, social status, or political affiliation. Inchoate crimes refer to incomplete or attempted crimes, statutory crimes are offenses specifically prohibited by law, and white-collar crimes involve non-violent offenses committed by individuals in professional or business settings.

Question 2

​In 2008, _____ was arrested by the FBI and charged with securities fraud after his investors lost $50 billion.

Accepted Answer

Bernard Madoff was arrested by the FBI in 2008 and charged with securities fraud after his investors lost $50 billion in a Ponzi scheme he orchestrated. Ivan Boesky was a prominent Wall Street trader who was convicted of insider trading in the 1980s. Charles Ponzi was an Italian swindler who became notorious for a fraudulent scheme in the early 1900s, and Arthur Anderson was an accounting firm implicated in the Enron scandal in the early 2000s. Therefore, the best choice is A) Bernard Madoff.

Question 3

Which country has the highest rate of murder of any industrialized nation?

Accepted Answer

The United States has the highest rate of murder among industrialized nations. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the US had a homicide rate of 5.3 per 100,000 people in 2018. This is higher than other industrialized nations such as Canada, Australia, and European countries.

Question 4

_____ refers to the criminal activity that involves the systematic extortion of money from labor unions and businesses.

Accepted Answer

Labor racketeering refers to the criminal activity that involves the systematic extortion of money from labor unions and businesses. It includes bribery, embezzlement, and other forms of corruption aimed at controlling or manipulating labor organizations or their representatives.

Question 5

Self-report studies, in which respondents are asked anonymously the details of any crimes they may have committed, reveal that close to _____ of all persons have committed some kind of offense.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-report studies, in which respondents are asked...

Question 6

​Which of the following theories of crime causation was advanced by Edwin Sutherland?

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland advanced the Differential Association theory, which suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others and is influenced by the frequency, duration, and intensity of those experiences.

Question 7

_____ offenders constitute the largest category of criminals; their activities far exceed reported crimes of any other type.

Accepted Answer

Public-order offenders, such as those involved in drug offenses, prostitution, and disorderly conduct, constitute the largest category of criminals, as these activities are widespread and often go unreported.

Question 8

​Which of the following is true of control theories?

Accepted Answer

Control theories posit that all individuals have the potential to violate the law and that societal norms, institutions, and relationships act to constrain this behavior.

Question 9

A major reason African Americans make up a disproportionate share of prison populations is _____.

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism within the criminal justice system, including biased policing and sentencing practices, has contributed to the overrepresentation of African Americans in the prison population. This is supported by various studies and statistics, such as the fact that African Americans are more likely to be stopped and searched by police, more likely to face harsher sentences for the same offenses, and less likely to receive parole.

Question 10

Which of the following crime causation theories assumes that all crime results from the exploitation of workers and from intense competition among people?

Accepted Answer

Marxist-Leninist theory assumes that crime is a result of the exploitation of workers and intense competition among people. It suggests that crime is a function of the capitalist economic system, where inequality and exploitation are inherent.

Question 11

​Which of the following crime causation theory asserts that some groups develop their own attitudes, values, and perspectives, which support criminal activity?

Accepted Answer

The deviant subcultures theory asserts that some groups develop their own attitudes, values, and perspectives, which support criminal activity. These groups may have their own norms and values that differ from mainstream society, and criminal behavior may be seen as acceptable or even desirable within the subculture.

Question 12

Which of the following is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from the profits from any real business?

Accepted Answer

A Ponzi scheme is a type of investment fraud where returns are paid to existing investors using the capital contributed by new investors rather than actual profits. This scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, who became notorious for using this technique in the 1920s. The Ponzi scheme relies on the constant influx of new investors to pay returns to old investors, and eventually, the scheme collapses when the number of new investors dries up, and there are no more funds to pay old investors.

Question 13

Which of the following crime-causation theories suggests that a person becomes delinquent because of the excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory, developed by Edwin Sutherland, suggests that people become delinquent based on their exposure to definitions favorable or unfavorable to violating the law. If a person is exposed to more definitions favorable to breaking the law than unfavorable, they are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of white-collar crimes?

Accepted Answer

White-collar crimes are work-related offenses committed by people of high status. They often involve financial fraud, embezzlement, or insider trading, and do not necessarily involve harm to another person. They can also result in significant financial losses, often exceeding the monetary value of blue-collar crimes. Option B is incorrect, as white-collar crimes are known to account for more money than blue-collar crimes. Option C is partially incorrect, as some white-collar crimes can cause harm to individuals, but not necessarily physical harm. Option D is incorrect as well since white-collar crimes can be fully completed.

Question 15

​In which of the following cases are females arrested more often than males?​

Accepted Answer

According to research, females are more likely to be arrested for embezzlement than males. The other crimes listed (murder, arson, and kidnapping) generally result in more male arrests than female arrests.

Question 16

​A _____ is a formal social rule that is enforced by a political authority.

Accepted Answer

A law is a formal social rule that is enforced by a political authority.

Question 17

Which of the following theories of crime asserts that capitalism fosters crime by encouraging, and even requiring, the exploitation of one group by another and by promoting the selfish quest for personal gain as if it were the inevitable goal of all human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Critical theory asserts that capitalism fosters crime by promoting exploitation of one group by another and encouraging selfish behavior for personal gain. Control theory focuses on the idea that social bonds and attachment to society prevent individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. Anomie theory explores the idea that crime results from the breakdown of social norms and values. Differential association theory proposes that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others who engage in criminal activity.

Question 18

The most comprehensive statistical summary of crime in the United States is the annual publication of _____ by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Accepted Answer

The annual publication by the FBI that provides a comprehensive statistical summary of crime in the United States is called "Crime in the United States." Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the Crime in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The actual crime rates are often considered to be substantially higher than the official rates reported due to factors like underreporting and limitations in data collection methods.

Question 20

​Which of the following crime causation theories asserted that criminal behavior was related to the size and shape of the human skull?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology is the theory that criminal behavior can be determined by examining the size and shape of the human skull. This theory was developed in the 19th century and has been discredited by modern science.

Quiz 9: Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services

_____ are violent acts aimed at individuals or groups of a particular race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, social status, or political affiliation.

In 2008, _____ was arrested by the FBI and charged with securities fraud after his investors lost $50 billion.

Which country has the highest rate of murder of any industrialized nation?

_____ refers to the criminal activity that involves the systematic extortion of money from labor unions and businesses.

Self-report studies, in which respondents are asked anonymously the details of any crimes they may have committed, reveal that close to _____ of all persons have committed some kind of offense.

Which of the following theories of crime causation was advanced by Edwin Sutherland?

_____ offenders constitute the largest category of criminals; their activities far exceed reported crimes of any other type.

Which of the following is true of control theories?

A major reason African Americans make up a disproportionate share of prison populations is _____.

Which of the following crime causation theories assumes that all crime results from the exploitation of workers and from intense competition among people?

Which of the following crime causation theory asserts that some groups develop their own attitudes, values, and perspectives, which support criminal activity?

Which of the following is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from the profits from any real business?

Which of the following crime-causation theories suggests that a person becomes delinquent because of the excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?

Which of the following is true of white-collar crimes?

In which of the following cases are females arrested more often than males?

A _____ is a formal social rule that is enforced by a political authority.

Which of the following theories of crime asserts that capitalism fosters crime by encouraging, and even requiring, the exploitation of one group by another and by promoting the selfish quest for personal gain as if it were the inevitable goal of all human behavior?

The most comprehensive statistical summary of crime in the United States is the annual publication of _____ by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) .

Which of the following is true of the Crime in the United States?

Which of the following crime causation theories asserted that criminal behavior was related to the size and shape of the human skull?

Quiz 9: Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services

_____ are violent acts aimed at individuals or groups of a particular race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, social status, or political affiliation.

​In 2008, _____ was arrested by the FBI and charged with securities fraud after his investors lost $50 billion.

Which country has the highest rate of murder of any industrialized nation?

_____ refers to the criminal activity that involves the systematic extortion of money from labor unions and businesses.

Self-report studies, in which respondents are asked anonymously the details of any crimes they may have committed, reveal that close to _____ of all persons have committed some kind of offense.

​Which of the following theories of crime causation was advanced by Edwin Sutherland?

_____ offenders constitute the largest category of criminals; their activities far exceed reported crimes of any other type.

​Which of the following is true of control theories?

A major reason African Americans make up a disproportionate share of prison populations is _____.

Which of the following crime causation theories assumes that all crime results from the exploitation of workers and from intense competition among people?

​Which of the following crime causation theory asserts that some groups develop their own attitudes, values, and perspectives, which support criminal activity?

Which of the following is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from the profits from any real business?

Which of the following crime-causation theories suggests that a person becomes delinquent because of the excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?

Which of the following is true of white-collar crimes?

​In which of the following cases are females arrested more often than males?​

​A _____ is a formal social rule that is enforced by a political authority.

Which of the following theories of crime asserts that capitalism fosters crime by encouraging, and even requiring, the exploitation of one group by another and by promoting the selfish quest for personal gain as if it were the inevitable goal of all human behavior?

The most comprehensive statistical summary of crime in the United States is the annual publication of _____ by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) .

Which of the following is true of the Crime in the United States?

​Which of the following crime causation theories asserted that criminal behavior was related to the size and shape of the human skull?

In 2008, _____ was arrested by the FBI and charged with securities fraud after his investors lost $50 billion.

Which of the following theories of crime causation was advanced by Edwin Sutherland?

Which of the following is true of control theories?

Which of the following crime causation theory asserts that some groups develop their own attitudes, values, and perspectives, which support criminal activity?

In which of the following cases are females arrested more often than males?

A _____ is a formal social rule that is enforced by a political authority.

Which of the following crime causation theories asserted that criminal behavior was related to the size and shape of the human skull?