Passage
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Suicide risk is associated with a variety of factors. Personal factors include childhood abuse, certain personality traits (eg, impulsiveness, aggression) , and history of mental illness. Over 90% of people who attempt suicide meet diagnostic criteria for at least one psychological disorder, and suicide risk increases as the number of co-occurring disorders increases. Diagnosis severity also matters: studies suggest that individuals are at greatest risk of attempting suicide while inpatient at or newly discharged from a psychiatric hospital.Social factors also play a role in suicide. Sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that embeddedness in society is a key feature in determining the likelihood of an individual committing suicide. Specifically, the more people that depend on an individual financially, emotionally, or physically, the less likely that individual is to commit suicide. Studies suggest that suicide is also linked to religious affiliation and income level. Religious groups that place more value on community events, church attendance, and collective solidarity tend to have lower rates of suicide among members, whereas more affluent individuals are more likely to commit suicide.Economic trends have also been linked to suicide. One study retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the U.S. economy and suicide rates. It found that the overall suicide rate tends to rise during economic recessions and drop during economic expansions (Figure 1) .
Figure 1 U.S. suicide rates compared to economic trendsFurther analysis of suicide data suggests that for every individual who successfully commits suicide, approximately 25 individuals are unsuccessful in such attempts, costing the United States billions of dollars annually in both lost wages and treatment expense. Although white, middle-aged men are the most likely cohort to successfully commit suicide, women attempt suicide three times more often than men.
-Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

Question

Passage
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Suicide risk is associated with a variety of factors. Personal factors include childhood abuse, certain personality traits (eg, impulsiveness, aggression) , and history of mental illness. Over 90% of people who attempt suicide meet diagnostic criteria for at least one psychological disorder, and suicide risk increases as the number of co-occurring disorders increases. Diagnosis severity also matters: studies suggest that individuals are at greatest risk of attempting suicide while inpatient at or newly discharged from a psychiatric hospital.Social factors also play a role in suicide. Sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that embeddedness in society is a key feature in determining the likelihood of an individual committing suicide. Specifically, the more people that depend on an individual financially, emotionally, or physically, the less likely that individual is to commit suicide. Studies suggest that suicide is also linked to religious affiliation and income level. Religious groups that place more value on community events, church attendance, and collective solidarity tend to have lower rates of suicide among members, whereas more affluent individuals are more likely to commit suicide.Economic trends have also been linked to suicide. One study retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the U.S. economy and suicide rates. It found that the overall suicide rate tends to rise during economic recessions and drop during economic expansions (Figure 1) .

Figure 1 U.S. suicide rates compared to economic trendsFurther analysis of suicide data suggests that for every individual who successfully commits suicide, approximately 25 individuals are unsuccessful in such attempts, costing the United States billions of dollars annually in both lost wages and treatment expense. Although white, middle-aged men are the most likely cohort to successfully commit suicide, women attempt suicide three times more often than men.
-Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In sociology, there is a distinction between religiosity and religious affiliation. Religiosity refers to the extent to which a given religious doctrine is incorporated into all aspects of an individual's life (eg, beliefs, behaviors, identity). Also referred to as religiousness, religiosity is the degree to which a person internalizes a religion. For example, those who consider themselves Catholic and have a high degree of religiosity also demonstrate beliefs and behaviors that align with Catholicism, and "being Catholic" is an important part of their identity. Religious affiliation describes an individual identifying with a religious group (eg, Catholics, Jews, Muslims). Just because individuals identify with a religious group does not necessarily mean that they live their lives according to the principles or customs of that religion. For example, many people consider themselves Catholic but do not attend church often or at all. The second paragraph suggests that religious affiliation is linked to suicide: religious groups that place more value on people actively participating in the faith (religiosity) tend to have lower rates of suicide among members. This is presumably due to members feeling a greater sense of embeddedness within their religious community. Therefore, as religiosity increases, suicide attempts should decrease (not increase), reflecting a negative correlation. (Choice A) According to paragraph 2, there is a positive correlation between socioeconomic status (in particular, income) and the likelihood of committing suicide. (Choice C) Figure 1 indicates that suicide rates increase in a society during economic downturns and decrease during periods of economic prosperity. In other words, there is a negative correlation between suicide attempts and improvements in the economy. (Choice D) According to paragraph 1, individuals are at the greatest risk of attempting suicide during or just after an inpatient stay at a psychiatric hospital. Therefore, there is a negative correlation between suicide attempts and time from psychiatric hospital discharge. Educational objective: Religious affiliation describes an individual identifying with a religious group, whereas religiosity (or religiousness) is the degree to which an individual internalizes that religion, as demonstrated by the individual's beliefs, behaviors, and identity.

Passage Suicide Is One of the Leading Causes of Death in in the United