A female client comes to the clinic with a suspected lower urinary tract infection; urinalysis confirms a diagnosis of cystitis. Which symptoms reported by the client would be most consistent with this condition? Select all that apply.

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11ecbb05_c9ee_21ee_b433_010f0417e458_MD0009_00 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually bacterial in origin and are most often caused by Escherichia coli. The microorganisms from the perineal area enter the urethra, causing inflammation and infection (urethritis). They ascend to the bladder, where they multiply, causing inflammation and infection (cystitis). The bacteria may continue to ascend the urinary tract to the ureters and kidneys, causing inflammation and infection in the kidneys (pyelonephritis). A UTI is classified as upper or lower according to its location within the urinary tract. Cystitis is the most common community-acquired UTI. It is an infection of the lower urinary tract and involves inflammation of the bladder mucosa, leading to hyperemia, tissue hemorrhage, and pus formation. This inflammatory process leads to burning with urination (dysuria), urinary frequency and urgency, hematuria, and suprapubic discomfort (Options C, D, and F). (Options A and B) When the infection ascends to the kidneys (pyelonephritis), clients become very ill. They develop nausea, vomiting, fever with chills, and flank pain. Assessment shows costovertebral angle tenderness. If the infection is not recognized and treated, clients can become septic. costovertebral angle tenderness Educational objective: Cystitis is an infection of the bladder mucosa. Clients develop burning with urination (dysuria), urinary frequency and urgency, hematuria, and suprapubic discomfort. However, if the infection extends to the kidneys (pyelonephritis), clients become seriously ill with nausea, vomiting, fever with chills, and flank pain.

A Female Client Comes to the Clinic with a Suspected