The nurse is gathering data on a client with obstructive sleep apnea. Which findings are consistent with this client's diagnosis? Select all that apply.

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11ecbb05_ca73_f428_b433_4b23ddfb273a_MD0009_00 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of breathing disorder during sleep and is characterized by repeated periods of apnea (>10 seconds) and diminished airflow (hypopnea). A partial or complete obstruction occurs due to upper airway narrowing that results from relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles or from the tongue falling back on the posterior pharynx due to gravity. During periods of apnea, desaturation (hypoxemia) and hypercapnia occur; these stimulate the client to arouse and breathe momentarily to restore airflow. These cycles of apnea and restored airflow can occur several hundred times per night, resulting in restless and fragmented sleep. Partners of clients with OSA witness loud snoring, apnea episodes, and waking with gasping or a choking sensation (Options E and F). apnea During the day, clients experience morning headaches, irritability, and excessive sleepiness. Excessive daytime sleepiness can lead to poor work performance, motor vehicle crashes, and increased mortality (Options B and C). (Option A) Frequent (not difficult) arousal from sleep is associated with OSA. (Option D) Cataplexy is a brief loss of skeletal muscle tone or weakness that can result in a client falling down. It is associated with narcolepsy, a chronic neurologic sleep disorder. Educational objective: At night, clients with obstructive sleep apnea experience repeated periods of apnea, loud snoring, and interrupted sleep. During the day, morning headaches, irritability, and excessive sleepiness are common.

The Nurse Is Gathering Data on a Client with Obstructive