A nurse is caring for a client with blindness due to diabetic retinopathy. Which interventions should the nurse implement for this client? Select all that apply. A)Ask a family member about the client's preferences for room arrangement B)Offer the client an elbow to hold, and walk a half-step ahead for guidance C)Say "goodbye" when leaving the room to help orient the client D)Speak slowly and slightly louder so the client can understand E)Use a clock-face pattern to explain food arrangement on the client's meal tray

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The nurse should create a therapeutic and safe environment for the client who is blind while fostering as much independence as possible. Nursing interventions include the following: Offer the client an elbow for guidance while walking slightly ahead and describing the environment (Option B). Announce room entry and exit to orient and avoid startling the client (Option C). Describe the location of items (eg, food, hygiene supplies) using a clock-face orientation so the client can find them easily (Option E). Instruct the client to use a cane with the dominant hand and to sweep areas in front from side to side for orientation. Orient the client to the room and maintain this orientation for safety. (Option A) Asking the caregiver or family member about the client's personal preferences does not promote independence or self-advocacy. The nurse should ask the client directly about the desired room arrangement. (Option D) The nurse should speak to the client in a normal tone of voice to facilitate communication. Speaking slowly and slightly louder would be useful for a client with a hearing deficit. Educational objective: When caring for a client who is blind, the nurse should create a safe therapeutic environment and foster client independence by orienting the client to the surroundings, announcing room entry and exit, guiding the client by offering an elbow and walking slightly in front, using a clock-face description to orient the client to the location of objects, and asking the client directly about preferences.

A Nurse Is Caring for a Client with Blindness Due