A 34-year-old Russian immigrant with recent weakness, exertional dyspnea, and orthopnea visits the doctor. Over the cardiac apex, a snap followed by a rumbling diastolic murmur can be detected during cardiac auscultation. Which of the following positions on the heart pressure-volume loop is where the snap most commonly happens?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Eductional Objective: An opening snap and a rumbling diastolic murmur, which is most audible above the heart apex, are the hallmarks of mitral stenosis. At the conclusion of isovolumetric relaxation, the opening snap on the left ventricular pressure-volume loop happens during mitral valve opening, and it is followed by a diastolic rumbling during diastolic filling.

A 34-Year-Old Russian Immigrant with Recent Weakness, Exertional Dyspnea, and Orthopnea