The Idea That Cultural Change Led to the Rise of Welfare

The idea that cultural change led to the rise of welfare states follows which of logic?

A) Lack of effort on the part of welfare recipients gave rise to a permanent underclass
B) After World War II, Communism and fascism gave way to liberal welfare states
C) Over time, people increasingly saw the state as an actor that could resolve social problems
D) As one moves from tropical areas to temperate zones, cultures show more solidarity