Joseph, a 16-year-old boy, is doing a paper on the death penalty. He has to really think about what justice means. Does the death penalty truly serve justice as a punishment? This and other questions along these lines keep presenting themselves in his mind. Joseph is using ______.

Question

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Joseph is using formal operational reasoning, which involves abstract thinking and the ability to consider hypothetical situations, such as the ethical implications of the death penalty.

Joseph, a 16-Year-Old Boy, Is Doing a Paper on the Death