The Analysis of European Parliament Elections Can Inform Us About

The analysis of European Parliament elections can inform us about how institutional differences influence voting. But which of the following is NOT something we learn by analysing EP elections?

A) Governing parties on the national level lose the most votes in European elections at the midpoint of their governing cycle.
B) Eurosceptic voters are more likely to switch party allegiance between national and European elections than pro-EU voters.
C) Voter defection from national parties is more prevalent after campaigns with explicitly Eurosceptic campaigning.
D) Patterns of voting behaviour in EP elections are indistinguishable from those in national elections.