By calculating the ionic conductances in the neuronal membrane, Hodgkin and Huxley were able to

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Hodgkin and Huxley's work on calculating ionic conductances in the neuronal membrane allowed them to describe the time course of the action potential, explain the basis of the refractory period, and the threshold membrane potential. Their model did not directly predict the molecular makeup of the voltage-gated ion channels, but it laid the groundwork for understanding how these channels function in generating action potentials. Therefore, their contributions can be summarized as encompassing all the options listed.

By Calculating the Ionic Conductances in the Neuronal Membrane, Hodgkin