The Mughal (therefore, Muslim) emperors who ruled northern India knew the Gurus personally and tended to respect them, in some cases developing strong friendships with them.

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Several Mughal emperors had personal relationships with the Sikh Gurus, ranging from respectful alliances to friendships. For instance, Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, is known to have met Babur, the first Mughal emperor. Similarly, Akbar, one of the most celebrated Mughal emperors, had a respectful relationship with Guru Amar Das, the third Sikh Guru, and showed interest in the teachings of Sikhism. However, relationships between the Sikh Gurus and some later Mughal rulers were fraught with conflict, leading to persecution and martyrdom of Gurus, such as Guru Arjan Dev by Emperor Jahangir and Guru Tegh Bahadur by Emperor Aurangzeb.

The Mughal (Therefore, Muslim) Emperors Who Ruled Northern India Knew