When he gathered his clan and declared himself an independent ruler in 1299, the Turkish warlord Osman was nominally subject to the:

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Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, was nominally subject to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum at the time he declared independence in 1299. The Seljuks were a major power in Anatolia following their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.

When He Gathered His Clan and Declared Himself an Independent