___________ managers believe employees dislike work, require close supervision, and need extrinsic motivation.

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Theory X managers hold the belief that employees inherently dislike work, lack ambition and responsibility, and must be closely supervised and motivated through threats or external rewards. This management theory is often criticized for its negative and stereotypical view of employees. Theory Y, on the other hand, believes that employees enjoy work, are motivated by self-esteem and achievement, and can be trusted to take responsibility for their own tasks. Theory Z is a management approach that emphasizes employee involvement in decision-making and a long-term commitment to the organization. Theory C is not a widely recognized management theory.

___________ Managers Believe Employees Dislike Work, Require Close Supervision, and Need