Bernard Mandeville and Adam Smith believed that human beings are motivated largely, though not exclusively, by self-interest.

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Both Bernard Mandeville, in his work "The Fable of the Bees," and Adam Smith, especially in "The Wealth of Nations," argue that self-interest drives human actions, which can lead to beneficial outcomes for society as a whole, even if the intention was not altruistic.

Bernard Mandeville and Adam Smith Believed That Human Beings Are