Question 1

Which of the following is a benefit of good police-community relations?

Accepted Answer

Good police-community relations lead to greater cooperation and harmony, which in turn can lead to a decrease in crime and delinquency. This can also increase interest in policing careers as the community sees the benefits of a positive relationship with law enforcement. Therefore, all of the options listed are benefits of good police-community relations.

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding how age impacts perceptions of the police?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that older persons generally have more positive views of the police than younger people. This may be due to older individuals having lived through times of greater social unrest and crime rates, leading to a greater appreciation and trust of law enforcement.

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding age and perceptions of the police?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided reflect common findings in sociological and criminological research. Younger individuals often have more negative perceptions of police, partly due to higher rates of negative encounters. Additionally, older individuals are generally more vulnerable to certain types of crime, influencing their perceptions of safety and the role of police.

Question 4

Which statement is true regarding the attitudes of African Americans toward police?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that African Americans have more negative attitudes toward police than Caucasians, likely due to experiences with racial profiling and police brutality.

Question 5

For which group of people does the attitude toward police mirror that of African Americans?

Accepted Answer

Hispanics have been found to have similar attitudes towards police as African Americans. Studies have shown that Hispanic Americans report less trust in police and are more likely to view them as unfair and biased compared to White Americans.

Question 6

How do people from a lower socioeconomic background tend to view police?

Accepted Answer

Individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to view the police in a negative light because they have a higher likelihood of experiencing police harassment and violence due to systemic racism and classism. They may also see the police as representatives of an unjust and oppressive system.

Question 7

According to a Chicago study, which factors enhance public perception of the police?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a Chicago study, which factors...

Question 8

Primary crime prevention, to a large extent, is rooted in __________.

Accepted Answer

The routine activities theory emphasizes that a crime will occur when three elements come together: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. This theory is important in primary crime prevention as it focuses on reducing the opportunities for crime to occur by altering the routine activities of potential offenders and targets.

Question 9

___________ crime prevention consists of efforts to identify and manage the conditions within the social and physical environment that provide opportunities for or precipitate crime.

Accepted Answer

Primary crime prevention focuses on addressing the root causes that lead to criminal behavior. By identifying and addressing social and physical environments that provide opportunities for crime, primary prevention seeks to prevent crime from occurring in the first place. This can be achieved through measures such as improving public lighting, reducing drug use, and increasing access to education and employment opportunities.

Question 10

___________ crime prevention, for the most part, focuses on persons and the community in an effort to identify potential criminals and high-crime areas and to address problems that cause crime.

Accepted Answer

Secondary crime prevention targets specific individuals or areas that are at high risk of becoming involved in criminal activities, aiming to intervene before crimes occur. This approach focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying problems that contribute to crime, such as poverty, lack of education, or substance abuse, in specific individuals or communities.

Question 11

__________ crime prevention deals with individuals who have committed criminal acts.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary crime prevention focuses on individuals who have already committed criminal acts, and aims to prevent them from reoffending. Primary crime prevention focuses on reducing the factors that contribute to crime in a community, while secondary crime prevention focuses on intervening before a criminal act occurs. Quaternary crime prevention involves addressing the negative consequences of traditional crime prevention strategies.

Question 12

___________ refers to physical changes that are made to inhibit or control the flow of people into or out of an area.

Accepted Answer

Access control refers to physical changes such as barriers or checkpoints that are made to control the flow of people into or out of an area, making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to gain entry. Community policing refers to a philosophy and approach to law enforcement that emphasizes partnership between law enforcement and the community, while surveillance refers to the use of technology or other means to observe and monitor an area. Neighborhood watch is a community-based program in which residents work together to alert law enforcement of suspicious activity in their neighborhood.

Question 13

___________ refers to physical changes that increase the probability that residents observe offenders.

Accepted Answer

Surveillance involves using cameras, patrols, and other physical measures to increase the likelihood of spotting potential offenders. Community policing involves building trust and partnerships between police and residents, access control involves limiting entry and exit points to certain areas, and neighborhood watch involves residents observing and reporting suspicious activity. Of these options, surveillance is the most directly related to physical changes that increase observation of offenders.

Question 14

___________ is probably the primary method used by the police for activity support and motivation reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is probably the primary method used...

Question 15

___________ focuses on how the physical decline of a neighborhood, to a great extent, invites crime. A neighborhood in physical decline gives the appearance that no one cares about the neighborhood or what happens therein. Once potential criminals sense this situation, they are less inhibited and tend to commit many more serious offenses.

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the Broken Windows thesis, which suggests that visible signs of disorder and neglect in a neighborhood (such as broken windows) can lead to an increase in criminal activity.

Question 16

Problem solving consists of using the SARA model which has a four-step process. One part of the process, ___________ involves specifically identifying the problem.

Accepted Answer

Scanning is the first step of the SARA model and involves identifying and prioritizing problems. This step includes gathering data and information about the problem and analyzing it to identify the root cause.

Question 17

Problem solving consists of using the SARA model which has a four-step process. One part of the process, ___________ involves careful investigation of the problem and its attributes and identification of possible solutions.

Accepted Answer

The second step in the SARA model is analysis, which involves carefully investigating the problem and its attributes and identifying possible solutions. Scanning is the first step, which involves identifying and prioritizing problems. Response is the third step, which involves implementing and evaluating solutions. Assessment is the final step, which involves assessing the effectiveness of the response and making modifications if necessary.

Question 18

Problem solving consists of using the SARA model which has a four-step process. One part of the process, ___________ involves implementation of a solution.

Accepted Answer

The SARA model stands for Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment. The Response step involves implementing a solution to the problem identified during the analysis phase.

Question 19

Problem solving consists of using the SARA model which has a four-step process. One part of the process, ___________ involves an evaluation of police efforts to measure the effectiveness of the solution.

Accepted Answer

Assessment is the step in the SARA model that involves evaluating the effectiveness of the police response to the identified problem. Scanning involves identifying and defining the problem, analysis is about examining the causes and factors contributing to the problem, and response is about developing and implementing strategies to address the problem.

Question 20

There are multiple major dimensions that occur when community policing is successfully implemented. Within the ____________ dimension, community policing consists of several community-based elements that differentiate it from the traditional professional model such as broad police function, citizen input, and neighborhood variation.

Accepted Answer

The philosophical dimension of community policing includes the key elements that differentiate it from traditional policing models. This includes a broad police function, a focus on citizen input and participation, and an acknowledgement of neighborhood variation. The strategic dimension involves the ways in which community policing is organized and implemented, while the programmatic dimension focuses on specific programs and initiatives. The evaluative dimension involves assessing the effectiveness of community policing efforts.

Quiz 11: Police in the Community