When goals are in alignment, there is little differentiation, departments are characterized by pooled interdependence, and resources seem abundant, managers can use ____ of organization.

Question

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When goals are aligned, differentiation is low, and resources are abundant, a rational model of organization can be used. This model emphasizes clarity and consistency in decision-making, rules, and procedures, and relies on the expertise and authority of managers to guide employees towards achieving organizational goals. The political model (A) is more useful in situations where there are scarce resources, conflicting goals, and high uncertainty, where managers must negotiate, bargain, and build alliances to achieve their objectives. Referent power (B) is a form of personal power that stems from an individual's likability, charisma, and reputation, and is not directly related to goal alignment or organizational structure. Authority (C) is a formal power that comes with a role or position, but it alone may not be sufficient to sustain a rational model of organization without a clear framework of rules, procedures, and standards.

When Goals Are in Alignment, There Is Little Differentiation, Departments